Medical Specialties Musculoskelaton
Terms
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- Dr. specializing in misalignment of the spine
- Chiropractor
- Dr. specializing in bones joints and muscles
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Study of making and fitting orthopedic appliances
- Orthotics
- Dr. specializing in diagnosis and treatment of foot
- Podiatrist
- Dr. specializing in treatment of health problems by manipulating the positions of the bones
- Osteopathic physician
- Sports-related injuries of the bones joints and muscles
- Sports medicine
- A Chiropractor holds what degree?
- Doctor of Chiropractice DC
- An Osteopathic Surgeon holds what degree?
- Doctor of Osteopathy DO
- Name one degree a podiatrist might have.
- Doctor of Podiatric Medicine DPM
- Name the other degree a podiatrist can have
- Doctor of Podiatry DP
- How many bones are there in the human body?
- 206
- functions of the skeleton?
-
support framework
protect vital organs
stores minerals
assist in body movement
manufactures red blood cells - The process of making red blood cells is called?
- hematopoiesis
- What makes movement possible?
- joints
- What is the pathway for neural messages between bones and brain
- spinal cord
- What protects the spinal cord?
- backbone or spinal column
- What protects heart liver lungs and spleen?
- ribs
- what protects the bladder intestines?
- pelvis
- What minerals do the bones contain?
- calcium phosphorous and sodium
- what is stored in your bones and released as necessary?
- calcium
- what makes the blood cells?
- bone marrow
- what special cells does the marrow contain?
- stem cells
- stem cells produce what?
- red blood cells
- what diseases can bone marrow treat?
- leukemia and immunodeficiency or treatment from chemo
- what opens and closes like hinges?
- joints (fingers elbows)
- shoulder or hip joints allow what kind of movement?
- backward forward sideways and rotating movements
- what moves food through the digestive system?
- muscles
- what do muscles in the heart do?
- drive circulation
- what do muscles in the chest do?
- help us breathe
- what is leukemia?
- cancer of the white blood cells
- what is nervous tissue?
- carries info electrical impulses
- what is reponsible for movement?
- muscles
- what does connective tissue do?
- stores energy supports body and organs holds organs together
- what are specialized connective tissue
- bones cartilages ligaments tendons and blood
- what covers body surfaces lines hollow organs body cavities and blood vessels and forms glands?
- epithelial tissue
- what is a specialized type of tissue?
- bones
- what is a tissue?
- similar cells that work together to perform particular functions
- how many basic categories of tissues are there?
- 4
- what percentage of bones is made of minerals?
- 70%
- what percent is organic matter?
- 30%
- What are the forms of bone?
- compact cancellous
- Describe compact bone
- solid hard outside of bone six times stronger than a steel bar of the same weight
- What runs through compact bone?
- holes and channels carrying blood vessels and nerves
- Describe cancellous bone
- looks spongy inside compact bone
- Cancellous bone is made up of what?
- meshlike network tiny pieces of bone
- what are the tiny pieces of bone in cancellous called?
- trabeculae
- In the womb what is the bone made of?
- First it is cartilage
- What happens after a few weeks of development?
- It begins process of ossification
- what is ossification?
- cartilage is replaced by calcium phosphate and stretchy collagen
- How long does ossification take?
- 20 years
- what are growing zones?
- growth plates that consist of multiplying cartilage cells grow and change into bones (children)
- how many years do girls arms and legs grow?
- 14 years
- boys?
- 16
- how many years do bones grow?
- all your life
- how many cells do bones contain?
-
3 osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts - what do osteoblasts do?
- make new bone and repair damage
- what do osteocytes do?
- arrange themselves in specific patterns, carry nutrients and wastes to and from blood vessels in the bone
- what do osteoclasts do?
- break down bone (destroy) and help sculpt and shape it
- osteoblasts another name
- embyonic bone cells
- another name for osteocytes
- large cells that absorb/digest bone tissue
- osteocytes
- mature bone cells
- which is very active in children
- osteoclasts
- what % of bone is broken down and built up every year in children
- 3%
- external and internal bone are covered with pliable protective tissue called
- membranes
- what is the membrane that covers the external surface?
- periosteum
- what covers the inner cavities of bone?
- endosteum
- what are the 2 basic type of bone markings called?
- processes and depressions
- another name for compact bone
- cortical bone
- which is the spongy bone tissue?
- cancellous bone
- which is the hard dense bone tissue?
- compact bone
- what are the shape classifications?
- long bones short bones irregular bones flat bones
- where are long bones found?
- leg and arm
- what is the shaft of the long bone called?
- diaphysis
- The diaphysis has a thick wall made up of what?
- compact bone
- the diaphysis surrounds a central cavity called what?
- medullary cavity
- what's the medullary cavity made of?
- yellow marrow (Fat)
- Both ends of the long bone (Bulb like) are called what?
- epiphysis
- what is inside the epiphysis?
- cancellous bone and red marrow
- The outer part of the epiphysis does what?
- articulate
- what is articulate?
- forms a joint
- what is the joint coated with?
- hyaline cartilage
- what's between the diaphysis and the epiphysis?
- metaphysis
- what cartilage is a specialized connective tissue?
- hyaline cartilage
- what family does the hyaline cartilage beong to?
- cartilaginous tissues
- what are two other family members?
- fibrocartilage and elastic cartilage
- what kind of cartilage is at the tip of your nose?
- hyaline cartilage
- what are the cross section names
- periosteum compact bone,endosteum, cancellous bone
- short bones irregular bones and flat bones do not have what, that long bones have?
- medullary cavity
- what do the short bones look like?
- cubes
- what do flat bones look like?
- different shapes but always thin like plates
- what are examples of flat bones?s
- sternum ribs and bones in cranium
- give examples of irregular bones
- mandible and vertabrae
- examples of long bones
- arm humerus and femur
- examples of short bones
- wrist carpals and ankle tarsals
- what are sesamoid bones?
- bones embedded in tendons
- what are the two major divisions?
- axial and appendicular skeleton
- what does the axial skeleton support?
- skull vertabral column and thoracic cage
- what does the appendicular skeleton support?
-
pectoral girdle
upper extremities
lower extremities
pelvic girdle - what is the pectoral girdle?
- shoulder blades and collarbones
- upper extremities?
- arms and hands
- pelvic girdle
- two hip bones
- lower extremities
- legs and feet
- small piece of spongy substance of bone connected to others
- trabecula
- a groove crevice or furrow
- sulcus
- depression usually longitudal in shape below the surface
- fossa
- a cavity or hollow space
- sinus
- an aperture or perforation
- foramen
- a deep furrow cleft or slit
- fissure
- a ridge
- crest
- short sharp process of bone a spinous process
- spine
- a large rounded elevation
- tuberosity
- rounded articular surface at the extremity of the bone
- condyle
- bony prominance near the upper extremity of the femur
- trochanter
- what is the delicate membrane covering the inner cavities of bone
- endosteum
- the heavy duty membrane that covers the outside surface of bone
- periosteum
- what are both the exterior and interior bone covered with?
- membranes
- large rounded elevation on the bone
- tuberosity
-
sesamoid,periosteum,cancellous, hematopoiesis,ossification,tuberosity,
spine,fossa,medullary cavity, osteocytes,yellow marrow - Long Bones
- diaphysis, articular cartilage, trabeculae, osteoblasts,resoption, trochanter, sulcus, foramen, yellow marrow, bone neck, osteocytes
- short bones
- epiphysis, compact bone, red bone marrow, osteoclasts, bone head, condyle, sinus, irregular bones, epiphyeal line, medullary cavity bone neck
- flat bones
- junction of epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone where growth in length occurs
- epiphysial line
- a joint between cranial bones
- suture
- How many sutures are there in the cranium?
- 3 coronal, squamous and lamboid
- a protuberance on bone where muscle and tendons attach
- process
- how many processes are there on the cranium
- 4 coldyloid masstoid styloid and coronoid
- the junction between the frontal and the 2 parietal bones
- coronal suture
- line of union between the occipital and parietal bones
- lambdoid suture
- bony process off the base of the skull
- mastoid
- long slender process lower side of the temporal bone
- styloid
- triangular process of the mandible
- coronoid
- large single bone forming the forehead
- frontal bone
- large irregular bone situated in the base and side of the skull
- temporal bone
- the temporal bone consists of what
- squamous tympanic and petrous
- side bone of the skull
- parietal bone
- bone irregular shape at base of the skull
- sphenoid bone
- bone forming the rear bottom of the skull
- occipital
- an irregularly shaped bone between orbital plates of the frontal and sphenoid bone
- ethmoid bone
- fibrous joint between bones of the head
- suture
- membranous spaces at the juncture of an infant's cranial bones that later ossify
- fontanelle fontanel
- nipple-like projection of the petrous part of the temporal bone
- mastoid process
- large hole at base of skull allows passage of spinal cord
- foramen magnum
- behind the nasal bone in front of the sphenoid bone
- ethmoid
- temporal bone projects downward to form a point of muscle attachment
- mastoid process
- spinal cord passes through a large hole
- foramen magnum
- immovable joints
- sutures
- bat shaped located at the base of the skull
- spenoid bone
- what bones create the thoracic cavity?
- ribs sternum
- what supports the throacic cavity?
- thoracic vertebrae
- ribs are divided into how many categories?
- 3
- what are first 7 pairs of ribs?
- true ribs
- ribs that are attached to the sternum
- costal cartilage
- next 3 pairs of ribs
- false ribs
- last 2 pairs of ribs are called
- floating ribs
- where are the floating ribs attached?
- in the back not in the front
- what are the spaces in between the ribs called?
- inercostal muscles
- what do intercostal muscles contain?
- blood vessels, nerves and muscles
- another name for the sternum
- breast bone
- upper portion of the sternum is called the
- maunbrium
- the middle prtion of the sternum is called
- body of the sternum
- lower portion is called
- xiphoid process
- what is in the back behind the shoulder
- scapula also called shoulder blade
- The upper arm bone is known as ?
- humerus
- what are the two lower arm bones?
- radius and ulna
- what forms the elbow?
- olecranon process
- wrist bones are known as ?
- carpals
- hand bones are known as?
- metacarpals
- what does metacrpal mean?
- beyond the carpals
- what are the fingers known as?
- phalanges
- what are at the distal end of the metacarpals?
- phalanges
- what is the pelvis made up of?
- ilium ischium and pubis sacrum and coccyx
- which is the largest of the hip bones?
- ilium
- what is the upper curved edge of the ilium called?
- iliac crest
- lowest part of the hip bones is the?
- ischium
- describe the ischium
- the strongest pelvic bone
- the front part of the hip bone is called?
- pubis
- what is the point where the two pubic bones meet called?
- symphysis pubis
- what is the socket area that connects the femur and hip called?
- acetabulum
- what is the thigh bone called
- femur
- describe the femur
- longest heaviest and strongest bone in the body
- the proximal end of the femur is where?
- nearest the pelvis
- the large lateral projection where the neck of the femur connects with the shaft of the femur is ?
- greater trochanter
- what serves as a site for muscle attachment/
- greater and lesser trochanter
- what is the kneecap called?
- patella
- what are the two lower leg bones?
- tibia and fibula
- what is at the proximal end of the tibia? closest to femur
- tibial tuberosity
- what is the distal end?
- farthest away
- what is at the distal end of the fibula?
- lateral malleolus
- another name for the lateral malleolus
- ankle bone
- how many bones make up the ankle bone?
- 7
- what is another name for the 7 bones ankle bones
- tarsals
- what is the largest tarsal bone called?
- cacaneus
- what is another name for the calcaneus
- heel bone
- what is just above the calcaneus
- talus bone
- what does the talus bone join with?
- the tibia and fibula
- what does the talus bone with the tibia and fibula make?
- ankle joint
- what forms the ball of the foot?
- metatarsals
- what are the toes called
- phalanges
- what is any broken bone?
- a fracture
- what is it when the bone is broken but the skin remains unbroken?
- closed fracture
- what are other names for closed fracture?
- simple or complete
- what is the fracture of he radus at the lower end of the wrist the bone fragment is didsplaced posteriorly?
- Colles' fracture
- what is the fracture where the bone is broken in two or more fragments splintered or crushed?
- comminuted fracture
- which fracture occures when a weak bone is pressed together on itself and collapses under minimal stress?
- compression fracture
- compression fracture is common to what?
- osteoporosis
- which fracture runs along the length of the bone without displacing the bone fragment?
- linear fracture
- which fracture is incomplete, but there is bowing in the bone, partially bent and broken
- greenstick fracture
- the fracture line extends at an angle
- oblique fracture
- also known as a compound fracture open wound in the skin
- open fracture
- fracture in which the bone is broken and there is an aopen wound in the skin
- compound fracture
- fracture bone has been twisted apart usually due to sposts injury
- spiral fracture
- small crack develops from chronic excessive impact
- stress fracture
- fracture line extends straight across bone
- transverse fracture
- prominence or process on any part of bone
- apophysis
- seperation of apophysis from bone
- apophysial fracture
- fracture involving joint surface of bone
- articlar fracture
- fracture when a joint capsule liga ment muscle inserion of origin is puled from bone as a result of a sprain dislocation strong contracture soft tissue is pulled away from bone fragments of bone may cone away with it
- avulsion fracture
- fracture-dislocation of first metacarpal bone(thumb) at the carpal metacarpal joint
- Bennett's fracture
- fracture of the floor of orbit
- blow-out fracture
- fracture of the neck of a metacarpal bone typically the fifth metacarpals
- boxer's fracture
- tear in the central part of a semilunar cartilage knee
- bucket-handle fracture
- incomplete fracture of radial head due to falling on outstreched hand
- chisel fracture
- displacement of any part
- dislocation
- cervical spine fractures
- hangman's fracture
- fracture where fragments are driven into the cancellous tissue of the other fragment
- impacted fracture
- fracture especially of the skull occurs at point not at the site of impact
- indirect fracture
- fracture occuring within a joint capsule
- intra-articular fracture
- fracture at the articular extremity of a bone within the line of insertion of the casular ligament of the joint
- intracapsular fracture
- fracture of one or more bones of a foetus before birth
- intrauterine fracture
- transverse fracture through maxillary sinuses palate
- lefort fracture
- fracture running parallel with the long axis of the bone
- linear fracture
- fracture involving the bone in the line of its axis
- longitudinal fracture
- fracture occurring without any external injury
- spontaneous fracture
- intracapsular fracture of the neck of the femur at the point where the neck joins the head
- subcapital fracture
- fracture resulting from twisting of the limb
- torsion fracture
- deformity in children longitudinal compression of the soft bone commonly in the radius or ulna or both
- torus fracture
- small flexible knot bunch clump cluster
- tuft
- fracture which goes at an angle to the axis
- oblique fracture
- fracture which runs around the axis of the bone
- spiral
- breaks the skin
- compound
- incomplete fracture long bone of child not finished growing. involving growth,cartilage plate near the end of the bone
- green stick fracture
- single fracture line through a bone
- simple
- fractured two or more fragments
- comminuted fracture
- fractured bone penetrates the skin
- open fracture
- crackling sensation that is felt and heard when the ends of a broken bone rub together
- crepitation
- deposit that forms around the area of a break in a bone
- callus
- disk that has bulged out of place in the spinal column pressing on nearby nerves pain
- herniated disk
- bone comes out of socket
- dislocation
- dislocation of a bone from its normal position within the joint occurs at birth
- congenital dislocation
- partial dislocation separates joint's moveable surfaces,shoulder hip and knee
- subluxation
- ruptured disk of intervertebral pressure on spinal nerve roots
- herniated disk