cardiology terms
Terms
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- Afterload
- the resistane to ventricular ejection
- Anemia
- a deficiency of hemoglobin in red blood cells
- Angle of Louis
-
the manubriosternal angle “Sternal angle†a bony ridge on the sternum at the level of the second rib.
- Apical impulse
-
point of maximal imulse on the apex.
- Arrythmia
-
disorder of the hearts regular beat.
- Arterial blood pressure
-
measurement of the pressure that blood exerts inside the vessels.
- Auscultation
-
using a stethoscope, a physician listens for sounds made by the body.
- Bradyarrhythmia
-
an abnormal heart rhythm that is both irregular and slow. (under 60 beats per minute.)
- Bradycardia
-
an abnormally slow heart rate. (under 60 beats per minute)
- Bruit
-
abnormal noise heard with a stethoscope; a belowing or swishing sound that indicates vascular turbulence.
- Caridiac cycle
- rhythmic movement of blood through the heart. Pattern from one heartbeat to the next.
- Contractility
-
ability of muscles to shorten and contract.
- Cardiac output
- amount of blood pumped from the heart in one minute
- Cardiomelagy
-
enlargement of the heart.
- Clubbing
-
a condition that occurs with Cyanotic heart disease and pulmonary disordersin with the tips of the fingers are broadened and the angle of the fingernails is abnormally curved.
- Compliance
-
the extent to which the patient will adhere to a course treatment advocated by a physician.
- Cor Pulmonate
-
hypertrophy or the right ventricle caused by disorders of the lungs.
- Crepitant rale
-
fine bubbling or crackling sound caused by thin secretion in the smaller bronchial tubes.
- Cyaniosis
- a bluish or motted discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes that is caused by a decreased perfusion of oxygen to the tissue.
- Dependant Edema
- swelling caused by an increased fliud volume to dependant limbs
- Diaphoresis
-
excessive perspiration.
- Diastole
- the period of ventricular relaxation
- Dilation
-
the act or condition of being expanded. Cardiac dilation refers to an increase in the size of the chamber of the heart.
- Dyspnea
- difficulty breathing
- Edema
- swelling caused by the excessive accumulation of fluids in an area
- Effusion
- seeping of body fluids into the tissue or into a body cavity
- Ejection Fracture
-
ejection is the pumping of blood. The ventricles fill during diastolic filling. But do not eject the entire amount when the contract.
- Embolism
- occlusion or obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus
- Fibrillation
-
rapid, uncoordinated and irregular contraction of the heart muscles. Two main types:
A) Atrial fibrillation: treatable condition
B) Ventricular fibrillation: can quickly become fatal if it is not reversed. - Flutter
-
an extremely rapid but regular heartbeat.
- Gallop
-
rhythm of the heart characterized by three or four seprate heart sounds in each cycle and resembling the sound of a galloping horse.
- Hemoptysis
- coughing up blood from the larynx, bronchi or lungs
- Hepatojugular reflux
-
elevation of venous pressure, visible in the jugular vein when firlmly applying pressure to the abdomen. Jugular veins stay elevated after pressure is removed.
- Hematomegaly
- enlargemant of the liver
- Hypertension
-
high blood pressure.
- Hypertrophy
-
an increase in the size of an organ. Cardiac hypertrophy is due to the increase in the thickness of the heart muscles.
- Hypotension
- low blood pressure.
- ICS
- an acronym for intercoastal space. 11 intercoastal spaces.
- Ischemia
- a decrease in the blood supply to a body organ or tissue
- Infarct
-
an area of tissue that undergoes tissue death due to an obstruction of local blood supply.
- Jugular Venous pressur (JVP)
-
observing the pulsations of the neck veins while the patient lays in different positions.
- Keith-Wagener Changes
- abnormalities seen in the retina and retinal vessels due ti hypertension and arterioscleriosis.
- Lumen
- the space inside a blood vessel, intestines and tube
- Murmur
- an abnormal heart sound that sometimes indicates a disease condition
- Orthopnea
-
ability to breah comfortably only when standing or sitting in the upright position.
- Palpitations
-
abnormal heartbeat that is often described as a sensation of fluttering or thumping.
- Paroxysmal
-
a sudden attack, recurrence, ao intensification of a disease (Paroxysm)
- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
- an acute attack of labored breathing that occurs approximately one or two hours after the person lies down.
- Perfusion
- the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues by way of the cardiovascular system
- Pericarditis
-
inflammation of the pericardium.
- Perioheral Edema
-
swelling of the extremities due to the accumalation of fluid in the tissue.
- Pitting Edema
-
an examiner will apply and release pressure to an oedematous area. With itting adema the area will retain the mark made by the examiner.
- Point of maximal intensity or impulse (PMI)
-
the area on the chest wall where the beat of heart can be felt the best.
- Precordial/precordium
-
the exterior of the thorax over the heart.
- Preload
-
the volume volume of blood in the left ventrilce at the end of diastole.
- Pulse
-
the rhythmic throbbing of the arteries that occur with the regular contraction of the heart.
- Pulse pressure
-
the difference between the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure.
- Pulsus paradoxus
-
during respiration the pulse becomes weaker as one inhales and stronger as on exhales. Pulsus paradoxus or paradoxical pulse, is an exaggeration of this normal varation.
- Rale
- an abnormal respiratory sound similar to crackling or bubbling
- Rhonchus
-
a whistling or snoring sound that is caused by a partial obstruction in the respiratory tract.
- S1 (first heart sound)
- heart at the beginning of ventricular systole produced by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves.
- S2 (second heart sound)
-
heard at the end of ventricular systole produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves.
- Shock
-
1) a potentially fatal physiological reaction to a vareity of conditions including illness, injury, hemorrage, and dehydration, usually characterized by marked loss of blood pressure, diminished blood circulation and inadequate blood flow to the tisses. 2) the sensation and muscular spasm caused by an electric current passing through the body or body part.
- Splitting
-
the two heart sounds heard seperatly, S1 ans S2. S1 is the mitral and the tricuspid. S2 splitting or the aortic and plumonic components.
- Stigma
-
a mark or characteristic that may indicate a history of a disease or abnormality.
- Stroke volume
-
the amount of blood ejected by the ventricles with each contraction.
- Synope
-
partial or complete loss of consciousness due to a temporary reduction in blood flow resulting in a shortage of oxygen to the brain.
- Tachyarrhythmia
-
an abnormal heart rhythm that is both irregular and excessively fast.
- Tachycardia
-
a rapid heart rate (over 100 beats per minute)
- Thrill
-
a vibration that accompanies a cardiac or vascular murmur that an examiner may detect on palpation.
- Tunica intima
-
the innermost layer or linning of a blood or lymph vessel.
- Vascular
-
pertaining to or containing blood vessels.
- Vasculitis
-
an inflamation of a blood vessel.
- Venous
-
contained in the vaeind. De-oxygenated blood found in the veins or the pulmonary arteries.