PD2
Terms
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- Soft decrescendo diastolic murmur is heard in?
- Aortic insufficiency
- A carotid bruit is heard when?
- Arterial narrowing or aortic murmurs are present
-
S1 dec'd in?
S2 dec'd in? -
1st degree HB
Aortic stenosis - Aortic stenosis, patent ductus arteriosis, or ventral septal defects may produce?
- Bruits/thrills that are harsh,loud,or rumbling
-
Heart on the right side, same as liver?
Heart on right side, liver on left, stomach on right? -
Dextrocardia
Situs inversus - Displaces PMI upward and leftward?
- Pregnancy or high diaphragm
- Displaces PMI laterally?
- CHF,cardiomyopathy, ischemia, deformities, or mediastinal shift
- Diamter >3 cm of PMI in LLD position is indicative of?
- LVH
- Hyperthyroidism, mitral regurg, aortic stenosis, and anemia may increase?
- Amplitude
- Dilated cardiomyopathy results in a decreased?
- Amplitude
-
Brief mid-diastolic impulse?
Impulse prior to systolic beat? -
s3
S4 - Inc'd amplitude w/o change in duration, overloaded vol. in right ventricle caused from?
- aortic septal defect
- Inc'd amplitude w/ change in duration, overloaded vol. in right ventricle caused from?
- Pulmonic stenosis or HTN
- If hyperinflated lung prevents palpation of enlarged RV, palpate where?
- epigastrium
- Dilatation or inc'd flow over pulmonic artery or pulmonic HTN may cause?
- Palpable S2
- Palpable S2 over Right 2nd interspace means?
- Systemic HTN
- Hypokinetic heart displaced to the left means?
- Heart failure
- Large pericardial effusions make impulse what?
- Undetectable
- Expiratory splitting suggests?
- Abnormality
- Delayed closure of pulmonic valve or early closure of aortic valve?
- Persistant splitting
- Loud P2?
- Pulm. Htn
- Systolic click?
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Murmur coincides with carotid upstroke?
- systolic
- Murmur over semilunar valves?
- mid-systolic
- Murmur of regurgitant flow over Av valves?
- pan-systolic
- Murmur heard with MVP?
- late systolic, click
- Regurgitant flow over semilunar valves make what murmur?
- Early diastolic
- Murmur with turbulent flow over AV valves?
- Mid-diastolic or early systolic
- Starts in systole, thru S2, and maybe into diastole. Seen with patent ductus arteriosis.
- Continuous murmur
- Murmur with systolic or diastolic components?
- friction rub
- cresecendo murmur heard in?
- MS
- decrescendo murmur heard in?
- AR
- crescendo-decrescendo murmur heard in?
- AS or innocent flow murmur
- plateau murmur heard in?
- MR
- Exertional CP with radiation to the left side of neck and down arm?
- angina pectoris
- Sharp pain radiating into the back or into neck?
- Aortic dissection
- Irregularly, irregular, can be identifable at bedside?
- Atrial fibrillation
- Rapid regular beating of sudden onset and offset?
- Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
- Uncomfortable awareness of breathing that is ain appropriate to a given level of exertion
- dyspnea
- Pt lying down and improves when the pt sits up, seen in LVFH,MS, obstructive lung diseases.
- Orthopnea
- Sudden dyspnea and orthopnea that awaken a pt from sleep, also seen in pts with LVHF, MS, mimicked by nocturnal asthma attacks.
- PND
- Accumulation of excessive fluid in interstitial spaces
- Edema
- Type of edema in lower body parts?
- Dependent edema
- CHF, hypoalbuminemia, nephrotic syndrome, ascites, liver failure may cause this?
- edema
- NL distance that sternal angle is above the right atrium?
- 5 cm
- Right sided CHF, constrictive pericarditis, tricuspid stenosis, and superior vena cava obstruction causes?
- JVP
- Elevation of JVP on expiration is seen in?
- Obstructive lung diz
- Above normal findings of distance above the sternal angle in JVPs?
- > 3-4 cm
- Above normal finding of distance above right atrium in JVPs?
- > 8-9 cm
- Local kinking or obstruction causes what to the external jugular vein?
- unilateral distention
- Prominent A waves are seen in/
- MS, hypertrophic right ventricle
- Larger V waves are caused by?
- tricuspid regurgitation
- Tortuous or kinked carotid artery causes?
- Unilateral pulsation
- Dec's stroke volume, artherosclerosis causes what to the carotids?
- Dec'd pulsations
- Small thready weak pulse in?
- Cardiogenic shock
- Bounding pulse seen in?
- Aortic insufficiency
- Delayed carotid upstroke seen in?
- Aortic stenosis
- Bigeminal pulse, paradoxical pulse seen in?
- Pulsus alternans