Oral Anatomy- ALL TERMS
Terms
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- A small cell or cavity, hence a tooth socket, alveolus dentalis
- Alveolus
- portion of tooth covered with enamel
- Anatomic crown
- a division into 2 parts, as any two roots of a tooth
- Bifurcation
- an accessory cusp often noted on the lingual surface of the maxillary molar mesiolingual cusp
- Carabelli’s cusp
- a relatively broad deep angular valley in the central portion of the occlusal surface of a molar
- Central Fossa
- a small cusp or tubercle on the lingual face of the tooth
- Cingule
- a narrow or constricted portion of a tooth in the region of the junction of crown and root
- Cervix (pl. cervices)
- a line formed by the junction of enamel and cementum (CEJ)
- Cervical line
- of or pertaining to a crown; applied by some to the occlusal surface
- Coronal
- that region of the mesial or distal surface that touches the adjacent tooth in the same arch
- Contact area
- the portion of crown visible in oral cavity
- Clinical crown
- the ridge or tubercle on the lingual face of the tooth near the gingival
- Cingulum (pl. cingula)
- that portion of the tooth covered with enamel, which is normally visible in the oral cavity. See anatomic and clinical crown
- Crown
- the sinous cusps or enamel ridges on the molars of herbivore; a projecting ridge or structure
- Crests
- a pronounced elevation on the occlusal surface
- Cusp
- elevations which extend in a mesial and distal direction from cusp tips. They form the buccal and lingual margins of the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth.
- Cusp Ridges
- calcareous bodies which serve the purposes of teeth; a concretion which develops in the dental pulp as a part of the aging process.
- Denticles
- marks the fushion areas between adjacent cusps and other major parts of a tooth
- Developmental groove
- a “V-shpaed†space between the proximal surfaces of two adjoining, contacting teeth
- Embrasure
- a cleft or crevice in a tooth surface resulting from the imperfect fusion of the enamel of the adjoining cusps or lobes
- Fissure
-
a passage perforating hard tissues that transmits either vessels and
or nerves - Foramen (foramina)
- a shallow depression or concavity on the surface of the tooth (see central f, lingual f, triangular f)
- Fossa (fossae)
- the region of a multi-rooted tooth where the roots divide
- Furcation
- a shallow, linear depression on the surface of a tooth (see supplemental g, developmental g)
- Groove
- The incisal portion of an anterior tooth.
- Incisal Ridge
- A division of a tooth crown formed from a distinct point of calcification.
- Lobe
- A broad, shallow depression on the lingual surface of an incisor or canine.
- Lingual Fossa
- A rounded or conical prominence on the incisal ridge of a newly erupted incisor.
- Mamelon
- Elevated crests which form the mesial and distal margins of the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth, and the lingual surfaces of the anterior teeth.
- Marginal Ridges
- A place in which something is nurtured
- Nidus (pl. Nidi)
- A depression extending longitudinally on the mesial or distal surface of a root
- Proximal root concavity
- An elevated crest comprised of the triangular ridge of the distobuccal cusp and the distal ridge of the mesiolingual cusp.
- Oblique ridge
- A sharp depression usually located at the junction of two or more developmental grooves or at the termination of a single developmental groove.
- Pit
- The narrow area of the pulp chamber within the root. (Root canal).
- Pulp canal
- The expanded cavity within the tooth that contains the pulp.
- Pulp chamber
- A liner elevation on the surface of a tooth.
- Ridge
- See pulp canal.
- Root canal
- The portion of a tooth covered with cementum and normally embedded in the alveolar process.
- Root
- That portion or a multirooted tooth between the cervical line and furcation of the roots.
- Root trunk
- A fold or crease. The irregular ridges of the membrane of the palate.
- Ruga (pl. rugae)
- A small sac or cyst.
- Saccule
- An elongated valley in the surface of a tooth formed by the inclines of adjacent cusps or ridges which meet at an angle.
- Sulcus
- An indistinct liner depression, irregular in extent and direction that does not demarcate major divisional portions of a tooth.
- Supplemental groove
- The triangular ridges of a buccal and a lingual cusp that join to form a more or less continuous elevation extending transversely across the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth.
- Transverse ridge
- A shallow depression on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth located within the confines of the mesial or distal marginal ridges.
- Triangular fossa
- Prominent elevations, triangular in cross-section, which extend from the tip of a cusp towards the central portion of the occlusal surface of a tooth.
- Triangular ridges
- A division into three parts or branches, as the three roots of a maxillary first molar.
- Trifurcation
- A small elevation on the crown of a tooth possibly by excessive accumulation of enamel.
- Tubercle
- the bone-like covering of the root
- Cementum
- calcified tissue that comprises the bulk of a tooth. It is covered by the harder enamel and softer cementum
- Dentin(e)
- the hard substance composed of 90% hydroxyapatite, and 6-8% calcium carbonate covering the anatomical crown of the tooth
- Enamel
- the fibrous and mucous tissues that surround the teeth and cover the alveolar Tissues
- Gingiva
- the gingival; the soft tissue around the tooth
- Gum
- The bone forming the lower jaw and supporting the inferior teeth.
- Mandible
- The bone supporting the superior teeth and forming part of the orbit, hard palate and the nasal cavity.
- Maxilla
- The collective term for both the mandible and maxilla.
- Mandibulae
- The soft tissue surrounding a tooth.
- Periodontium
- The soft tissue within the pulp cavity consisting of connective tissue containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.
- Pulp
- toward the front of the body
- Anterior
- the junction of 2 or more surfaces
- Angle
- the terminal end or tip of the root
- Apex
- toward the apex of the root
- Apical
- the contact relationship of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth during jaw movement
- Articulation
- pertaining to the longitudinally (long) axis of the tooth
- Axial
- next to or toward the cheek in posterior teeth
- Buccal
- toward the cheek
- Buccally
- from the posterior tooth surface facing the cheek to that facing the tongue
- Buccolingual
- junction of enamel and cementum; cervical line (CEJ)
- Cementoenamel Junction
- away from the median line
- Distal
-
the surface of the tooth facing away from the median line following the
curve of the dental arch - Distal surface
- relating to the distal and buccal portion of the tooth
- Distobuccal
- relating to the distal and lingual portion of the tooth
- Distolingual
- the labial and buccal surfaces collectively
- Facial surfaces
- The cutting edge of the anterior teeth, particularly the incisors.
- Incisal Surface
- Between adjoinging surfaces; the proximal surfaces.
- Interproximal
- Next to or toward the lips; of, or pertaining to the lips.
- Labial
- From the anterior tooth surface facing the lips to the surface facing the tongue.
- Labiolingual
- The surface of an anterior tooth positioned immediately adjacent to the lip.
- Labial Surface
- That angle formed by the junction of two surfaces along a line, e.g., the mesiobuccal angle.
- Line Angle
- The surface of a tooth which faces the tongue; opposite of the facial surface.
- Lingual Surface
- Next to or toward the tongue; pertaining to the tongue.
- Lingual
- Toward the median line.
- Mesial
- The surface of a tooth facing toward the median line following the curve of the dental arch.
- Mesial Surface
- From the surface facing the midline to the surface facing away from the midline following the arch curvature.
- Mesiodistal
- A line passing through the center.
- Midline
- To bring the mandibular tooth into contact with the maxillary teeth.
- Occlude
- Toward the biting surface of a posterior tooth; pertaining to occlusion.
- Occlusal
- The surface of a premolar or molar contained within the marginal and cusp ridges.
- Occlusal surface
- The relation between the incising and occluding surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth when they are shut; Any contact between the incising or masticating surfaces of the teeth.
- Occlusion
- The angle formed by the junction of three surfaces at a point, e.g. the mesiolabioincisal angle.
- Point angle
- The surface of a tooth that faces toward an adjoining tooth in the same arch, i.e., the mesial or distal surfaces.
- Proximal surface
- Imaginary divisions of a tooth crown or root as to length (i.e., occlusal, middle, and gingival thirds) or mesiodistal breadth (i.e. mesial, middle, and distal thirds).
- Thirds
- the result of the initial splitting of the eocone as theorized in the premolar-molar analogy theory.
- Amphicone
- having the upper molars unlike the lower in size and pattern
- Anisognathous
- fusion of teeth to the jaw bones in some animals, rarely in humans
- Ankylosis
- even-toed ungulates ex. Cattle, hog, sheep, deer
- Artiodactyla
- A lack of similarity in shape or size between two parts
- Asymmetry
- having ridges of crests on molar crowns
- Bilophodont
- the length of the root exceeds that of the crown
- Brachydont
- rounded
- Bulbous
- the tooth crown supports low rounded cusps
- Bunodont tooth
- long bladed premolars and molars especially P4/M1 of the carnivore
- Carnassial
- flesh eating mammals
- Carnivora
- the structural union of like parts, as the coalescence of the root
- Coalescence
- having a depressed or hollow surface
- Concave
- a union of previously separate parts; uniting of teeth by cementum only
- Concrescence
- shaped like a cone
- Conical
- to come together
- Converge
- bulging outward
- Convex
- having the form of a cross, cruciform
- Crucial or cruciate
- Triassic reptiles that possessed some mammal-like features of skull and teeth
- Cynodonts
- having teeth
- Dentate
- finely notched or serrated; having small teeth
- Denticulate, Denticulated
- having two sets of teeth
- Diphyodont
- bearing or supporting teeth; supplied with teeth; also containing teeth, as a dentigerous cyst
- Dentigerous
- the distolingual cone or cusp of the talonid of the mandibular molars
- Entoconid
- the first, single coned tooth observed in prehistoric reptiles according to the premolar-molar analogy theory
- Eocone
- hinged, as the jaw articulation of the carnivore; a joint that allow motion around an axis
- Ginglymoid
- pertaining to the jaw cheek
- Gnathic
- attachment of the teeth by implantation in a bony socket or alveolus
- Gomphosis
- having undivided or simple tooth crowns in the shape of a single crown
- Haplodont
- an animal whose diet consists principally of plants
- Herbivore
- having teeth that are morphologically different
- Heterodont
- having teeth that are morphologically the same
- Homodont
- the distolingual cusp of maxillary molars
- Hypocone
- the distobuccal cusp of mandibular molars
- Hypoconid
- the distal cusp, the fifth cusp of mandibular molars
- Hypoconulid
- Having maxillary and mandibular teeth of the same size and pattern.
- Isognathous –
- Having the crowns of the teeth formed in transverse or longitudinal crests or ridges, as in the herbivore.
- Lophodont –
- The distobuccal cone or cusp of the maxillary molars.
- Metacone
- The distolngual cone or cusp of the primitive mandibular molars, becoming mesiolingual due to the loss of the paraconid cusp in the Primates.
- Metaconid –
- Small, intermediate cusp between the metacone and the protocone of the maxillary molars.
- Metaconule –
- Having only one set of teeth
- Monophyodont –
- The study of the shape and structure of an organism
- Morphology –
- A tooth crown having many tubercles or cusps
- Multitubercular –
- Deviating from square by having one long dimension.
- Oblong –
- A description of the teeth.
- Odontography –
- The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary molars.
- Paracone –
- The mesiolingual cusp of mammalian mandibular molars. (This cusp has been lost in primates).
- Paraconid –
- Odd-toed ungulates such as the horse, tapir, rhinoceros.
- Perissodactyla
- Having multiple lophs or cusps.
- Polylophodont –
- Having multiple sets of teeth.
- Polyphyodont –
- Leaning or extending forward; like the incisors in Insectivores.
- Procumbent –
- The lingual cusp of a maxillary premolar, the primitive reptilian cone or cusp of a maxillary tritubercular molar, i.e., the lingual cusp or the mesiolingual cusp of a maxillary molar.
- Protocone –
- The primitive buccal cusp of a mandibular premolar; the primitive reptilian cone or cusp of a mandibular tritubercular molar, or the mesiobuccal cusp of a mandibular molar.
- Protoconid –
- Having four tubercles or cusps.
- Quadritubercular –
-
Having five tubercles or cusps.
Ruminantia or Ruminants - Artiodactyl animals that chew the cud, as oxen, sheep, goats, deer, and others.
Sectorial tooth – The cutting tooth of the Carnivora - a long-bladed premolar or molar; a ca - Quinquetubercular –
- Artiodactyl animals that chew the cud, as oxen, sheep, goats, deer, and others.
- Ruminantia or Ruminants -
- The cutting tooth of the Carnivora - a long-bladed premolar or molar; a carnassial tooth.
- Sectorial tooth –
- To cut as with a pair of scissors.
- Shear –
- Having longitudinal crescent shaped ridges, as a molar tooth of the Artiodactyla (ox, deer, sheep, hog, etc.).
- Slenodont –
- Having the same shape or size on both sides.
- Symmetrical –
- The distolingual prominence or heel of a maxillary molar crown, bearing the hypocone, or distolingual cusp.
- Talon –
- The heel, or distobuccal portion of a mandibular molar crown, upon which may develop the entoconid, the hypoconid and the hypoconulid.
- Talonid –
- Persisting alveolar sockets that are independent of the presence or teeth, as in crocodiles and alligators.
- Thecodont –
- See triconodont.
- Tribosphenic –
- Having three cones or cusps in a linear arrangement, the central one the largest.
- Triconodont –
- Jurassic animals, unmistakably mammals, which show a triconodont condition of the molars.
- Triconodonta –
- The arrangement of the first three cones or cusps of a maxillary molar (Metacone, Paracone + Protocone).
- Trigone –
- The arrangement of the first three cones or cusps of a mandibular molar (Protoconid, Paraconid + Metaconid).
- Trigonid -
- Having three tubercules or cusps on the occlusal surface.
- Tritubercular -
- Cut off or terminated abruptly.
- Truncate, or Truncated –
- A prominent incisor or canine tooth which protrudes some distance beyond the lips, as the tuck of an elephant, narwhale, or a walrus.
- Tusk
- Hoofed mammals.
- Ungulates –
- Teeth attached to the vomer in the roof of the oral cavity of certain fishes, amphibia, and reptiles.
- Vomerine teeth –
- the incisors and canines
- Anterior teeth-
- the set of arches formed by the teeth
- Arcade-
- the curved composite structure formed by the teeth
- Arch-
- having 2 cusps; inappropriately used for all premolars
- Bicuspid-
- the first tooth posterior to the intermaxillary suture above and its opponent below; preferable to “cuspidâ€
- Canine tooth-
- The posterior (distal) 3 teeth in each quadrant of the oral cavity in homo sapiens
- Molar teeth
- the molars and premolars, posterior teeth
- Cheek tooth-
- One of the cutting teeth in humans; the most anterior (mesial) teeth in the jaw.
- Incisor –
- the natural teeth considered collectively in the dental arches
- Dentition-
- the first set of a series of teeth that are replaced by a permanent set
- Deciduous-
- having a cusp or point; inferior term for canine teeth
- Cuspid-
- The premolar and molar teeth.
- Posterior teeth –
- The set of teeth that replace the first (deciduous) set of teeth in humans.
- Permanent teeth –
- The 2 teeth anterior (mesial) to the molars in homo sapiens; mistakenly termed the bicuspids
- Premolar tooth –
- One quarter of the oral cavity, i.e., the maxillary right and left quadrants and the mandibular left and right.
- Quadrant –
- Sectorial or cutting teeth.
- Secodont –
- Those permanent teeth that succeed or take the places of the deciduous teeth.
- Succedaneous –
- the clenching or grinding of the teeth
- Bruxism-
- physiological wearing of a tooth caused by mastication
- Attrition-
- recurrence of a peculiarity of an unknown ancestor
- Attivism; Atavistic-
- unusual variations in position, number and conformation of dentition
- Anomaly-
- failure of the teeth to form
- Anodontia-
- tooth wear that is the result of non-masticatory movements
- Abrasion-
- the loss of deciduous teeth after the physiological resorption of the roots
- Exfoliation-
- the loss of tooth substance by non-bacterial chemical action
- Erosion-
- a supernumerary tooth found to the distal of the molars
- Distomolar-
- abnormal curvature of the crown or root
- Dilaceration –
- a space between 2 adjacent teeth in the same dental arch, especially the space between the upper lateral incisor and the canine in the carnivora or; in humans, a space between the maxillary central incisors.
- Diastema (pl. diastemata)-
- the flattened area of enamel or dentin produced by wear
- Facet-
- the condition of excess teeth; supernumerary teeth
- Hyperdontia-
- Having long teeth; a marked elongation of the crown or body of the tooth; a marked elongation of the cusps.
- Hypsodont (Hypsodonty) –
- partial absence of teeth
- Hypodontia-
- The most common supernumerary tooth usually appearing between the maxillary incisors.
- Mesiodens –
- Relatively large teeth (generalized); a large single tooth; also occasionally referred to as “megadontâ€.
- Macrodontia –
- Flattened areas on interproximal surfaces that result from wear.
- Interproximal Contact Facets –
- An unknown cause.
- Idiopathic –
- The development and formation of the teeth.
- Odontogenesis –
- Absence of many teeth.
- Oligodontia –
- Having an abnormally small tooth or teeth.
- Microdont –
- Having medium-sized teeth.
- Mesodont –
- A tooth with a large pulp chamber in relation to the crown
- Taurodont –
- Having more than the usual number (of teeth).
- Supernumerary –
- A supernumerary found to the buccal or lingual of the molars.
- Paramolar –