PD chapter 5 skin,hair, nails
Terms
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- What does the epidermis depend on for nutrition?
- The dermis
- What are some of the contents of the dermis?
- Connective tissue,sebaceous glands,sweat glands,and hair folicles.
- Functions of skin include:
- Major functionkeep body in homeostatis,provides boundaries for body fluids,protection, vit.D synthesis
- The color of normal skin depends on these four pigments:
- Melanin,carotene,oxyhemoglobin, deoxehemoglobin.
- Oxyhemolobin
- bright red pigment dominates in arteries and capillaries
- Deoxyhemoglobin
- deoxygenated darker, bluer pigment in cutaneous tissues gives skin bluish cast cyanosis
- Carotene
- yellow pigment in subcutaneous fat and heavly keratinzed plams & soles
- Melanin
- brownish pigment, genetically determined and increased by sunlight
- Two types of hair and describe
-
Vellus:short fine,unpigmented
Terminal: coarser thicker more conspicuous ex.scalp, eyebrows - Lunula
- whitish moon on end of nail plate
- What is the normal angle between the proximal nail fold and the nail plate?
- Less than 180 degrees
- Eccrine sweat glands
- open directly to skin surface help control temp, widely distributed
- apocrine sweat glands
- mainly in axillary and genital regions, usually open to hair follicles, stimulated by stress
-
Causes of generalized itching
w/o obvious reasons: -
dry skin, aging,lice pregnancy,uremia,jaundice,
leukemia,drug reaction - Arising in lowest or basal level of epidermis 80% of skin Ca, shinny, translucent,slow growing,rarely metastasize
- Basal cell carcinoma
-
upper dermal layer Ca,16% this type,crusted,scaly,red
inflammed or ulcerated can metastasize - Squamous cell carcinoma
- arising from melanocytes,4% of skin Ca this type,most lethal
- Melanoma
- What is lifetime risk for invasive melanoma and non invasive melanoma?
-
invasive: 1 in 65
non-invasive 1 in 37 - True/ False
-
Mortality rate for melanoma are highest among white males
3.6% - ABCDE for melanomas
-
Asymmetry
Borders(irregular)
Color(change)
Diameter > 6mm or different from others
Elevation or enlargement - Which is the most harmful UV to skin?
- UV-B most common cause of skin cancer(UV-C is most carcinogenic but is blocked by ozone.)
- What are the effects of UV-A rays?
- photoaging
- Yellow coloring that accopmanies high levels of carotene (palms and soles)
- Cartenemia
- Hair loss diffuse, patchy, or total
- Alopecia
- Most common location for decubitus ulcers
- Sacrum,ischial tuberosites,greater trochanters, and heels
- Pressure related ,intact skin, temp changes,consistancy(firm,boggy), color (red,blue)
- Stage I decubitus (pressure)ulcer
- Partial thickness ski loss or ulceration involving epidermis,dermis or both
- Stage II decubitus (pressure)ulcer
- Full thickness skin loss,damage or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue,may extend to but not through muscle
- Stage III decubitus (pressure) ulcer
- Full thickness, skin loss,destruction, tissue necrosis,or damage to muscle bone or supporting structures
- Stage IV decubitus ulcer