Anatomy & Physiology Exam 2
Terms
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- Articulations
- Joints
- Synarthroses
- Permits NO movement
- syn-
- together
- Amphiarthroses
- partially movable joints tht have cartilage between there articular surfaces
- amphi-
- both
- Diarthroses
- freely movable joints
- Di-
- two
- Three classifications of joints connected by fibrous connective tissue
- Syndesmosis (aphiarthroses- or slight movement), Suture (synarthrosis- or no movement) and Gomphosis (synarthroses)
- Examples of syndesmotic joints
- Radius, ulna, tibia, fibula
- Examples of gomphotic joints
- joint of tooth to jaw
- Two classifications of joints connected by cartilage
- Synchondrosis(Synarthroses and Amphiarthroses), Symphysis(amphiarthrosis)
- Examples of synchondrotic joints
- Growth plate(syntharoses), ribs 8,9,10(amphiarthroses)
- Classification of joints connected by synovial membrane, capsule and articular cartilage
- Synovial joints (ALL diarthrotic joints)
- Examples of Synovial joints
- knee, hip, sholder, elbow
- Extension
- straightening parts at a joint
- Hyperextension
- excessive extension of the parts of a joint beyond the anatomical position
- Dorsiflexion
- Bending the foot at the ankle towards the shin
- Plantar Flexion
- Bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole
- Abduction
- moving part away from midline
- Adduction
- Moving part toward midline
- Rotation
- Moving part around an axis
- Circumduction
- Moving part so that its end follows circular path
- Supination
- turning hand so that the palm is facing upward
- Pronation
- Turning hand so that the palm is facing downward
- Eversion
- Turning the feet so that the soles face laterally
- Inversion
- Turning feet so that the soles face medially
- Protraction
- moving part forward
- Retraction
- Moving part backward
- Elevation
- Raising a part
- Depression
- lowering a part
- Our skeleton is an endoskeleton made from connective tissue/bone of _______ origin
- mesodermal
- Syntharthrosis
- immovable joints linked by tough, fibrous connective tissue
- At the end of long bones is an expanded portion called the _____ which articulates with another bone
- epiphysis
- The shaft of the long bones, located between the epiphysi is the _______
- diaphysis
- The wall of the diaphysis is composed of tightly packed tissue called ________
- compact bone
- The epiphysis are composed largely of __________
- spongy bone
- The hollow chamber in the diaphysis is called the _________
- medullary cavity
- Cancellous
- lattice
- Short bones consist of thin compact covering ________
- cancellous bone
- Flat bones are composed of :
- two flat compact bone areas on the surface of cancellous bone
- Six types of bones
- Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid, wormian
- osteoblast
- a bone forming cell
- osteoclast
- a cell that erodes bone
- osteocyte
- a mature bone cell
- A central canal in compact bone
- osteon (Haversian system)
- Canaliculi
- tiny canals
- Lamellae
- layers
- Trabeculae
- tiny beams
- Two types of bone formation
- Direct or indirect