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Anatomy & Physiology Exam 2

Terms

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Articulations
Joints
Synarthroses
Permits NO movement
syn-
together
Amphiarthroses
partially movable joints tht have cartilage between there articular surfaces
amphi-
both
Diarthroses
freely movable joints
Di-
two
Three classifications of joints connected by fibrous connective tissue
Syndesmosis (aphiarthroses- or slight movement), Suture (synarthrosis- or no movement) and Gomphosis (synarthroses)
Examples of syndesmotic joints
Radius, ulna, tibia, fibula
Examples of gomphotic joints
joint of tooth to jaw
Two classifications of joints connected by cartilage
Synchondrosis(Synarthroses and Amphiarthroses), Symphysis(amphiarthrosis)
Examples of synchondrotic joints
Growth plate(syntharoses), ribs 8,9,10(amphiarthroses)
Classification of joints connected by synovial membrane, capsule and articular cartilage
Synovial joints (ALL diarthrotic joints)
Examples of Synovial joints
knee, hip, sholder, elbow
Extension
straightening parts at a joint
Hyperextension
excessive extension of the parts of a joint beyond the anatomical position
Dorsiflexion
Bending the foot at the ankle towards the shin
Plantar Flexion
Bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole
Abduction
moving part away from midline
Adduction
Moving part toward midline
Rotation
Moving part around an axis
Circumduction
Moving part so that its end follows circular path
Supination
turning hand so that the palm is facing upward
Pronation
Turning hand so that the palm is facing downward
Eversion
Turning the feet so that the soles face laterally
Inversion
Turning feet so that the soles face medially
Protraction
moving part forward
Retraction
Moving part backward
Elevation
Raising a part
Depression
lowering a part
Our skeleton is an endoskeleton made from connective tissue/bone of _______ origin
mesodermal
Syntharthrosis
immovable joints linked by tough, fibrous connective tissue
At the end of long bones is an expanded portion called the _____ which articulates with another bone
epiphysis
The shaft of the long bones, located between the epiphysi is the _______
diaphysis
The wall of the diaphysis is composed of tightly packed tissue called ________
compact bone
The epiphysis are composed largely of __________
spongy bone
The hollow chamber in the diaphysis is called the _________
medullary cavity
Cancellous
lattice
Short bones consist of thin compact covering ________
cancellous bone
Flat bones are composed of :
two flat compact bone areas on the surface of cancellous bone
Six types of bones
Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid, wormian
osteoblast
a bone forming cell
osteoclast
a cell that erodes bone
osteocyte
a mature bone cell
A central canal in compact bone
osteon (Haversian system)
Canaliculi
tiny canals
Lamellae
layers
Trabeculae
tiny beams
Two types of bone formation
Direct or indirect

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