Pathology "Ch2 Study Guide"
Terms
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- 3 basic types of pneumonia
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Alveolar-fluid in the aveoli.
Broncho-in the airway & spreads to adjacent aveoli.
Interstitial-walls of the aveoli. - The radiographic sign asscoiated with each of the three pneumonia types.
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Aveolar-affected part of lung appears white with absence of air.
Broncho-small patches of sonsolidation separated air-containing lung tissue.
Interstitial-diffuse infiltrate obscurring the heart border "shaggy heart sign". - 3 way aspiration pneumonia of esophageal material can occur
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Esophageal obstruction-tumor, stricture, food particle
Diverticula-outpouching of tubular organ
Neuromuscular-disturbance(inhibited swallowing. - 4 ways aspiration of liquid gastric contents can occur.
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general anesthesia
tracheostomy
coma
trauma - what substance is found in a lung abcess
- pus
- what is an important complication of lung abcess
- brain abcess
- how does TB spread from one person to another
- coughing contageous water droplets.
- what are 3 other systems TB can spread to
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GI
Genital Urinary-GU
Skeletal - why are there less bronchiectasis incidences
- the advent of antibiotic treatment(tx)
- Identify the viral infection in young children that produces inflammatory obstructive swelling localized to the subglottic portion of the trachea
- Croup-Soft Tissue neck
- RSV stand for
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus
- how is RSV diagnosed
- swab or culture of the nose
- 4 predisposing factors to COPD(chronic obstruction pulmonary disease).
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-cigarette smoking
-infection
-air pollution
-occupational exposures - the most common radiographic abnormality of chronic bronchitis
- generalized increase in bronchovascular markings.
- 3 radiographic signs for emphysema
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-over inflation of the lungs
-alteraions in pulmonary vasculature
-bullae formation(huge air sacs) - What is the hallmark sign of pulmonary over-inflation in pts w/severe emphysema
- flattened diaphragms
- Disease "widespread narrowing of airways-caused by allergies"
- asthma
- 3 common pneumoconioses
-
-silicosis
-asbestosis
-coal worker's(black lung) - Name the imaging modality needed in additon to plain chest films that assist in screening for a pulmonary embolism
- CT for pulmonary embolism
- most common type of bronchogenic carcinoma
- Squamous cell-hard to penetrate.
- 2 procedures used for a precise diag of bronchogenic carcinoma
- -bronchoscopy
- 2 procedures used for a precise diag of bronchogenic carcinoma.
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-bronchoscopy
-CT guided needle biopsy - describe the appearance of malignant tumors
- ragged, irregular, spiculated.
- discuss the prognosis of bronchogenic carcinoma
- poor
- most common site from which pulmonary cancers metastasize
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-musculosekelatl sarcomas
-myeloma
-breast cancer
-urinary
-thyroid
-colon - the lipoprotein responsible for Hyaline membrane disease
- surfactant
- the primary sufferer of Hyaline membrane disease
- Premature infants
- another name for Hyaline membrand disease
- IRDS infant respiratory distress syndrome`
- another name for ARDS adult respiratory distress syndrome.
- "Shock Lung"
- the radiographic appearance of ARDS
- ill defined areas of alveolar consolidation scattered throughout the lungs.
- radiographic hallmark of a pneumothorax
- demonstration of a visceral pleural line
- best position for demonstrating a pneumo
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-PA chest inspiration
-PA chest expiration - the earliest radiographic finding of pleural effusion
- blunted costophrenic angles.
- most common radiographic sign of plate-like atelectasis
- thin streaks
- the procedure used to correct a pneumothorax
- insertion of a chest tube.
- the procedure performed on a patient in acute respiratory distress to assis with breathing
- insertion of an endotracheal tube(ET tube).