Lab Rat
Terms
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- What are the parts of the axial skeleton?
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1. skull
2. vertebral column
3. ribs
4. sternum - What are the parts of appendicular skeleton?
- 1. pectoral and pelvic girdles: anterior and posterior appendages
- Histology
- the study of tissue
- What are the 4 types of tissues?
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1. epithelial
2. connective
3. muscle
4. nerve - Epithelial tissue
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-most common
-skin, hollow organs
- bound tightly together, having very little extracellular material between them - How do connective tissues function?
- - to bind and support other tissues
- What type of epithelium tissue lines the body?
- simple squamous epithelium
- What are the two parts of connective tissue?
- matrix and ground tissue
- What are 2 types of neurons
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sensory - cell body is in the middle
motor - What are the parts of the nervous system?
- the brain and spinal cord
- What is the scientific name for the lab rat?
- Rattus norvegicus (underline it!!)
- What does the cervical column consist of?
- atlas and axis
- What does the thoracic cavity consist of?
- it is from the neck to the ribcage
- What does the lumbar cavity consist of?
- from the ribcage to the hip (rat has a tail)
- simple squamous epithelium
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-made up of a single layer of squamous shaped cells
-found lining the body cavity, lungs, and blood vessels - simple cuboidal epithelium
-
-made up of a single layer of cuboidal shaped cells
-the kidney tubules and many glads throughout the body are lined with this - Simple columnar epithelium
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-made up of a single layer of columnar shaped cells
-most commonly found lining the digestive tract
-in many cases, the surfaces of the columnar cells are modified by presence of microvilli or cilia - stratified squamous epithelium
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-made up of numerous cell layers with the outermost layers consisting of squamous cells; the inner cells may be cuboidal or columnar in shape
-found lining the mouth and esophagus and the external surface of the body (skin) - stratified columnar epithelium
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- found in only a few limited areas of the body
- pharynx, conjunctiva, and urethra
- the cells in the outermost layer are columnar, the cells of the inner layers are more cubiodal or irregular in shape - pseudostratified columnar epithelium
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- columnar epithelium which apperas stratified but is really made up of only one layer of cells- results bc nuclei of the columnar cells are located at different levels within the cells bc cells are different heights
- in respiratory tract - transitional epithelium
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-found exclusively lining the urinary system
- consists of several layers of cuboidal or irregular shaped cells, and is capable of changing its shape as regions of the urnary system become distended - How are epithelial tissues arranged?
- In sheets which serve to cover the internal and external surfaces of the body
- How are epithelial tissues classified?
- according to the shape of the cells which make up the epithelium, and the number of cell layers present
- How are connective tissues classified?
- extracellular material, called the matrix, composed of fibers in a homogenous ground substance that may be liquid, jelly-like, or solid.
- How are connective tissues identified?
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-cell type
- the type of matrix material present - Connective tissue proper
- -connective tissue whose matrix contains fibers in various amounts of ground substance
- Two types of c.t. proper and describe each
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-"loose" (areola) tissued contains a few fibers in a delicate arrangement
- fibrous connective tissue is tough - tendons contain abundant well-organized fibers - adipose tissue
- - a special form of loose c.t. in which cells store FAT in large droplets
- blood
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c.t. w/ a liquid matrix.
- main connective tissue - cartilage
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-matrix w/rubbery consistency
-cells- chondrocytes
- pliable and supports structures such as the ear and nose - bone
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-the hardest c.t.
- impregnated w. ca salt
- bone cells (osteocytes) are housed in small cavities of the matrix known as lacunae
- along w/blood, a main c.t. - 2 forms of blood
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spongy
compact - 5 types of connective tissue
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1. c.t. proper
2. adipose tissue
3. blood
4. cartilage
5. bone - 3 types of muscle tissue
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1. skeletal
2. smooth
3. cardiac aka stratified - intercalated disks
- found in cardiac muscle
- ventral
- abdominal or lower surface; bellyside
- cranial
- nearest or towar the head; cephalic (anterior)
- anterior
- head end; cranial end
- posterior
- tail end; caudal end
- caudal
- away from the head, referring to the tail
- proximal
- near the source of attachment
- distal
- away from the source of attachment
- optic foramen
- holes that eyes come in
- atlas
- 1st vertebra
- axis
- 2nd vertebra; rotation and movement
- pectoral girdle
- clavical and scapulae; not attached to vertebral column but suspended by muscles
- what is the pelvic girdle made of?
- 2 innominate bones that meet one anothe rat the pubic symphysis (cartilage in women)