Ch 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Name the 4 types of tissues
-
epithelial: covering
connective : support
muscle : movement
nervous: conrol -
Highly specialized, functions include:
protection
absorption
filtration
excretion
secretion - Epithelial tissus
- Name the 6 characteristics of epithelial tissues
-
1. highly packed
2. continuous sheets-joined by junctions
3. avascular rec's food from CT below
4. BM rests on CT below
5. always has one free surface
6. regenerates quickly - Epithelia is classified by wht two criteria?
- Shape and # of cell layers
- One layer of epithelial cells found where absorptiona nd filtration occur
- Simple epithelium
- More than one lawyer of cells stacked on top of each other common in areas of high abrasion
- Stratified
- the adhesive layer that binds the epithelial tissues to the CT
- basal lamina
- flat cells with disc shaped nuleus
- squamous
- as tall as they are wide with a spherical nucleus
- cuboidal
- tall cell with elongated nucleus
- columnar shaped cells with elongated nucleus
- Stratified epithelial cells are name according to the cells located at the _ surface.
- apical
- Specialized simple squamous tissue found in the lining of vessels and the heart
- endothelium
- Specialized simple squamous tissue found in serous membranes lining body cavities
- mesothelium
- Found in kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portion of small glands
- simple cuboidal epithelium
- Lines the digestive tract from the stomach to the rectum
- simple columnar
- What 2 modifications are found in the simple columnar tissues found in the digestive tract lining.
-
microvilli-increase surface area
goblet cells-secrete mucus - Allof its cells rest on the BM but are located at diff levels on the BM. Has nuclei of various shapes, gives the impression several layers are present. cilitated and non ciliated
-
nonciliated-ducts of large gland
ciliated-trachea, upper respiratory tract - most widespread; found on the surface of wear and tear. skin, toungue, lines the mouth, vagina..
- stratified squamous
- lines urinary organs subject to stretching. cells are able to slide past each other
- Transistional Epithelium
- Ductless glands that secrete directly into extracellular space/blood
- Endocrine Glands
- Most common glands. Secrete products thru ducts onto the body surface or in body cavities. Sweat, oil, saliva
- Exocrine Glands
- Single cell glands located inbetween other cells. secretes mucus
- Goblet Cells
-
Structure of glands
1. secretory cells forming a tube
2. secretory cells forming sacs
3. contains both tuulr and alveolar units -
1. tubular
2. alveolar
3. tubulalveolar -
How the glands secrete:
Most glands are _: they secrete their products by exocytosis ex. sweatm, saliva
_ glands fill up until they burst ex. sebaceous glands
_ cell pinches off with productand secretionis released -
1. merocrine
2. holocrine
3. apocrine - Name the 4 chief subclasses of CT
-
1. CT proper
2. Cartilage
3. Bone
4. Blood - Major functions of CT are
- binding and support, protection, insulation and transportation
- 3 Characteristics of CT
-
1. arise from mesenchyme emryonic tissue
2. degrees of vascularity
3.contains matrix "stuff" between cells - What 3 elements make up CT?
- ground substance, fibers and cells
- Matrix made up of what 2 elements?
- ground substance and fibers make up the matrix
- Name the 3 types of fibers:
- Collagen, elastic, and reticular
- white fibers, extremely tough, high tensile strength
- collagen fibers
- yellow fibers, found where greater elasticity is needed, ex. skin, lungs, and blood vessels
- Elastic
- Abundanat at junctions between CT and other tissue types. surround small blood vessels and support soft tissue or organs
- Reticular Fibers
- Name 2 characteristics of blast cells found in CT
-
1. secrete GS and fibers for the matrix
2. actively mitotic -
Name the 4 different types of blast cells according to the tissue type:
CT proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood -
Fiobroblasts
Chondroblasts
Osteoblasts
Hemocytoblasts - What is the responsibility of the mature blast cells?
- Maintain the matrix, ex-make repairs
- 3 factors that determine major and subclass types of CT tissue:
-
1. cell type
2. fiber type
3. proportion of matrix contributed by the fibers -
2 subclasses of CT proper
1. areolar, adipose and reticular are_ CT.
2. dense reg, dense irreg and elastic -
1. Loose CT
2. Dense CT - Except for bone, cartilge and blood all mature Ct belongs to what class?
- CT proper
- Semifluid GS. CT proper with all 3 fiber types, fibroblast cells, macrophages and mast cells present. Packing material between other tissues.
- Areolar
- Very cellular. Very little matrix seen.Richly vascularized. Acts as a shock absorber and as insulation.
- Adipose
- Limited to certain areas of the body. Lymphoid organs, bone marrow
- Reticular
- Tissue found where tension exerted in a single direction. Forms ligaments and tendons.
- Dense Regular CT
- Tissue found where tension in exerted from many different directions. Ex. The dermis, and fibrous tissue found around some organs
- Dense Irregular CT
- Found in the walls of the aorta, form the vocal cord and ligaments connecting the vertebrae
- Elastic CT
- Tough yet flexible. Avascular. Devoid of nerve fibers. Firm matrix prevents cell movement.
- Cartilage
- Type of cartilage that is most widely distributed. Covers the ends of long bones, found in the tip of the nose.
- Hyaline Cartilage
- Cartilage found in the external ear and the epiglottis (behind the tounge in front of the voice box)
- Elastic Cartilage
- Cartilage found in the intravertabral discs, pubic symphysis and discs of knee joints
- Fibrocartilage
- Rocklike hardness becuase of added calcium salts to the matrix. Provides cavities for fat storage and synthesis of blood cells.
- Bone
- considered a CT because it consists of blood cells surrounded by a nonliving fluid matrix called plsma.
- Blood
- Dry membrane exposed to air. Skin. An organ consisting of keratinized squamous epithelium attatched to the dermis
- Cutaneous Membrane
- Line th the body cavities open to the exterior. Wet or moist membranes bathed with secretions.
- Mucous Membrane
- Lines body cavities that are not open to the exterior
- Serous Membrane
- Highly cellular, well vascularized tissue resposible for most of the body movements.
- Muscle
- Muscle that is multi-nucleated, striated, and voluntary. Attatched to the bones of the skeleton
- Skeltal Tissue
- Mucle only found in the walls o the heart. uninuleated, straited, involuntary. Branching cells fit togther at intercalated disc junctions
- Cardiac
- Muscle that is uninucleated, has no sriations and is involuntary. Found in the walls of hollow organs.
- Smooth
- Tissue that makes up the central nervous system. Conducts impulses to and from varios body organs
- Nervous Tissue
- 2 Major Nervous Tissue cell types
- neurons and suporting cells