Science-Minerals
Terms
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- chemical reaction
- react in a specefic way to certain chemicals
- surface mining
- used when ore is located at or near the surface of the earth
- ex. of important metallic minerals
- gold,silver and copper
- The cullian diamond
- found in jan. 1905 in south america the uncut diamond was 3106 carats was cut into 9 major gems 96 smaller gems
- nonmetallic minerlas
- can have shiny or dull surfaces,may let light pass through them(translucent),good insulators of elecrtricy, most widely used minerals in industury
- subsurface mining
- used when ore deposits are located too deep within the earth to be surface mined
- luster
- how light is reflected from the surface
- density
- mass in a given space: mass per unit volume (D=m/v) measured in g/cm3
- gemstones
- highly valued for their beauty and rarity rather than their usefulness
- specefic gravity
- ratio of an objects density to the density of water
- mica
- seperate easily into sheets when broken
- ex. of important of nonmetallic minerals
- calcite in marble,calcite in concrete,silicon in comp.chips
- cullinan diamond 1
- the star of africa
- magnetism
- are naturally magnetic (attract other metals or are attracted to magnets)
- oxides
- compounds that form when an element combines chemically with oxygen
- hot water solutions
- ground water workds its way down and its heated by magma reacts with minerals to form a liquid metals and other elemetns then a crystillaze to form a new mineral
- hardness
- minerals resist to being scratched determined by the mohs hardness scale- the higher the minerals resistance is being scratched the higher the minerals rating
- pegmatites
- magma forcing its way upward footm teardrop shapede bodies that cool and crystallize into minerals
- mineral
- a naturally formed inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline struchure
- quartz
- basic buliding block of many rocks
- streak
- color of the minerals powder when the sample is rubbed on a streak plate
- metallic luster
- if a mineral reflects light like a metal
- colors of gems
- the more attractive th color the more valuable the gem
- clevage
- tenedency of some minerals to break along smooth flat surfaces
- metallic minerals
- have shiny surfaces, dont let light pass through them(opaque),are good conductors of heat and elctricity,can be pressed into strong metals that do not trust,some cqan be ponded or pressed into various shapes or streched thinly
- durability
- gemstones must be durable enough to be precisly cut and polished
- optical properties
- will cause specefic visual changes in other materials
- feldspar
- mian componet of most rocks on the earths surface
- Is it a mineral? questions to ask:
- Is it a nonliving materail? Is it a solid? Is it formed in nature? Does it have a crystalline struchure?
- cullinan diamond 2
- state crown of queen of england
- possible mining damage:
- disturb or destroy plant and animal habitats, waste products og yhr mining process contaminates surface and ground water
- native element
- a mineral that is composed of only one element
- simplest way to reduce the effect of mining?
- to recycle products made from minerals
- silicate minerals
- minerals that contain a combination of silicon oxygen and one or more metals (quatrz, feldspar,mica)
- compound
- substance made when the atoms of two or more elements are chemically bonded
- submetallic luster
- if a mineral looks metallic but has a dull surface
- taste
- have a specific taste associated with the mineral
- reclamation
- the process by which land used for mining is returned to its original state or improved
- radioactivaty
- cantains some radioactive material that be be detected by a geiger counter
- special properties
- properties that are only seen in a few types of minerals
- sulfates
- minerals that contain sulfur and oxygen
- crystals
- sold geometric forms of minerals produced by a repeating pattern of atoms or moleculus present throughout the mineral
- element
- a pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpilar substance
- Enviorments in which minerals form:
- evaporting salt water,metamorphism,limestones,hot water solutions,pegamites,plutons
- plutons
- magma that stops movin before it reaches the surface and cools into mineral crystals
- ninmettalic luster
- if the surface of the mineral does not look like a metal
- fracture
- tenedency of some minerals to break unevenly along curved ot irregular surfaces
- halides
- compounds that form when flourine, chlorine,iodine or bromine combine with sodium, potassium or calcium
- carbonates
- minerals that contain combinations of carbon and oxygen in their chemical struchure
- atom
- the smallest unit of an element that still has all the properties of that element
- density of water
- 1g/cm3
- limestones
- surface water and ground water carry disloved minerals into lakes and seas where they crystaillize on the bottom
- ore
- a mineral deposit large enough and pure enough to be mined for profit
- evaporting salt water
- when a body of water evaporates certain minerals are left behind
- color
- easily observed physical property but not enough to identify because impurites can cause changes in color
- nonsillicate minerals
- minerals that dont contain compounds of silicon and oxygen
- sulfides
- minerals that contain one or more elements combined with sulfur
- fluoresence
- glowing under certain types of light