Psychology 201 ch. 4
Terms
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- Alcohol
- depressant of control causes impaired judgment
- Theories of Dreams (Latent content)
- the underlying meaning of the dream
- Withdrawal
- another form of physical dependence
- Amphetamines
- drugs that are often found in diet pills
- Nicotine
- produces energy and alertness but have many serious health risks
- Opiates
- drugs mimicking the effects of brains own endorphines, chemicals that have pain relieving properties and produce a feeling of well-being... morphine, and herion
- Cocaine
- concentrated forms of this drug can induce a heart attack, stroke, or seizure
- Theories of Dreams (Manifest content)
- a dream that is recalled by the dreamer
- Circadian
- within each 24-hour period, the regular fluctuation from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behaviors
- Stage 1 sleep
- 1. small irregular 2. transition between waking and sleeping
- Sleep disorder (night terrors)
- high arousal and an appearance of being terrified (most common in children)
- Stimulant drugs
- drugs that mimic the effects of epinephrine... amphetamines, and cocaine
- Ecstasy
- damages serotonin-producing neurons
- Marijuana
- lowers sperm count and can impair attention and memory
- Sleep deprivation effects (physical)
- 1. increases obesity 2. illness (cold, flu) 3. insulin resistance 4. hear disease
- Stage 3 sleep
- 1. delta waves appear 2. beginning of deep sleep 3. transitional stage
- Sleep disorder (sleep apnea)
- periods during sleep when breathing stops and the individual must awaken to start breathing again
- Stage 4 sleep
- 1. deepest of sleep 2. mostly delta waves 3. first cycle is 60 min then transition into REM sleep
- Tolerance
- increasing amounts are required to get the same effect
- Barbiturates
- examples include Nembutal and Seconal
- Seasons
- Occurs less often than once a day, once a year
- Neodissociation Theory of Hypnosis
- 1. hypnosis induces a split, or dissociation, between two aspect of the control on consciousness 2. the planning function and the monitoring function
- LSD
- alters perception of time ad space
- REM sleep
- 1. "active sleep" 2. rapid eye movement 3. paralysis of large muscles 4. irregular heartbeat 5. vivid dreams
- Sleep disorder (insomnia)
- persistent problems falling and staying asleep
- Sociocognitive Theory of Hypnosis
- the behavior of a hypnotized person is a function of that person's expectations about how subjects behave under hypnosis \
- Theories of Dreams (Lucid dreams)
- a dream where the individual is aware of dreaming and whose content the individual is often able to influence
- Hallucinogens
- "mind altering" drugs
- Sleep Theories
- 1. protects from harm 2. restore and repair neurons 3. remembering 4. growth and muscle
- Ultradian
- more often than once a day, 90 day cycles
- Caffeine
- high doses can cause mood changes, anxiety, and sleep disruption
- Sleep deprivation effects
- 1. difficulty concentrating 2. lapses in attention 3. irritability 4. cognitive performance decrease 5. increase in negative moods
- Stage 2 sleep
- 1. sleep spindles 2. spend 50% of sleeo in this stage 3. slow wave sleep 4. easy to wake someone up
- Biological rhythms
- Circadian, Ultradian, Seasons
- Sleep disorder (narcolepsy)
- 1. uncontrollable sleep lapses 2. attacks come from REM sleep
- Depressant drugs
- drugs acting on GABA receptors to produce a calming, sedating effect... alcohol, barbiturates, valium, and librium
- NREM sleep
- 1. consists of 4 stages 2. little movement 3. brain activity at the 24-hour low point