Nursing Concepts 2

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What are the primary organs of the gastrointestinal system?: MOUTH, PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, SMALL INTESTINE, LARGE INTESTINE
NAME THE SECONDARY ORGANS THAT PLAY A ROLE IN DIGESTION?: LIVER, GALLBLADDER, PANCREAS
WHAT IS THE 1ST PORTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE CALLED?: DUODENUM
WHAT IS THE 2ND AND LONGEST PORTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE CALLED?: JEJUNUM
WHAT IS THE 3RD PORTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE CALLED?: ILEUM
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE VALVE THAT JOINS THE SMALL TO THE LARGE INTESTINE?: ILEOCECAL VALVE
WHERE DOES DIGESTION BEGIN?: STOMACH, EXCEPT FOR STARCHES WHICH STARTS IN THE MOUTH
WHAT IS DEGLUTITION?: SWALLOWING
WHERE ARE MOST WATER-SOLUBLE NUTRIENTS ABSORBED?: SMALL INTESTINE
WHERE DO FATS GO ONCE THE SMALL INTESTINE HAS STARTED THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS?: INTO THE LYMPH SYSTEM
HOW DO THE FATS IN THE LYMPH SYSTEM GET INTO THE BLOODSTREAM?: VIA THE THORACIC DUCT
THIS IS THE CHEMICAL PROCESS BY WHICH NUTRIENTS ARE COMBINED WITH OXYGEN?: OXIDATION
THIS IS THE MOUNT OF ENERGY REQUIRED NEEDED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF WATER 1DEGREE CELSIUS?: KCAL
WHAT ARE THE 6 NUTRIENTS THE BODY NEEDS TO FUNCTION EFFECTIVELY?: WATER, CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEIN, FATS, VITAMINS, AND MINERALS
WHAT % OF AN ADULT'S AND AN INFANT'S BODYWEIGHT IS WATER RESPECTIVELY?: 50-60% AND 70-75%
APPROX 2/3 OF WATER OF THE BODY IS.....a)ICF or b) ECF: A) ICF
LIST THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ECF?: PLASMA, CSF, GI FLUIDS, LYMPH, AND INTERSTITIAL FLUID
HOW MUCH WATER MUST ONE DRINK FOR EVERY 1,OOO CALORIES CONSUMED?: 1,OOO ml
WHAT ARE THE COMPONENT MOLECULES OF CARBOHYDRATES?: CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN
APPROX HOW MUCH CARBOHYDRATES ARE STORED IN THE BODY FOR EMERGENCY USE?: 1/2 DAY'S USE
WHERE ARE EXTRA CARBOHYDRATES STORED?: LIVER, MUSCLES, AND FAT
LIST 3 SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES?: GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE, GALACTOSE
TRUE OR FALSE---DISACCHARIDES REQ NO DIGESTION?: FALSE--THEY ARE BROKEN DOWN INTO MONOSACCHARIDES FIRST
WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES?: POLYSACCHARIDES
TRUE OR FALSE--GLYCOGEN IS SUPPLIED BY THE DIET?: FALSE--IT IS MADE BY THE LIVER
WHAT IS THE SALIVARY ENZYME THAT STARTS THE DIGESTION OF STARCHES IN THE MOUTH?: PTYALIN
WHAT IS THE BENEFIT OF SOLUBLE FIBER?: SLOWS GASTRIC EMPTYING, BINDS BILE ACIDS AND CHOLESTEROL, PROVIDES FEELING OF FULLNESS
WHAT IS THE BENEFIT OF INSOLUBLE FIBER?: HOLDS WATER TO INCREASE FECAL BULK AND STIMULATES PERISTALSIS
WHAT % OF DAILY INTAKE SHOULD CARBOHYDRATES BE?: 50-60%
THIS IS THE CONDITION WHERE ACIDS CALLED KETONES ACCUMULATE IN THE BLOOD AND URINE AND UPSET THE ACID-BASE BALANCE SECONDARY TO INCOMPLETE FAT OXIDATION IN CELLS. CAUSED BY DECREASED CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE?: KETOACIDOSIS
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON DIETARY FAT CALLED?: TRIGLYCERIDES
WHAT IS THE MOLECULE MAKE UP OF A TRYGLYCERIDE?: ONE GLYCEROL AND 3 FATTY ACIDS
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE FATTY ACID WHICH MAKES THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENT OF A CELL?: PHOSPHOLIPID
THIS FATTY ACID IS NOT ESSENTIAL IN THE DIET BECAUSE THE LIVER PRODUCES IT EVERYDAY?: CHOLESTEROL
WHAT ARE THE 3 ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS?: LINOLEIC, LINOLENIC, AND ARACHADONIC
WHAT ARE THE DIGESTIVE AGENTS FOR FAT?: BILE FROM THE GALLBLADDER, AND DIGESTIVE ENZYMES FROM THE PANCREAS AND THE SMALL INTESTINE
HOW MANY GRAMS OF FAT ARE EXCRETED IN THE FECES DAILY?: 4
WHAT IS THE % OF DAILY INTAKE FOR FATS?: 25-30%
WHAT ARE THE OMPONENT MOLECULES OF PROTEIN?: CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, AND NITROGEN
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF A COMPLETE PROTEIN?: IT CONTAINS ALL OF THE 9 ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
WHAT ARE COMPLIMENTARY PROTEINS?: THOSE WHICH, WHEN EATEN TOGETHER, SUPPLY ALL 9 ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
WHERE DOES THE DIGESTION OF PROTEIN BEGIN?: IN THE STOMACH
WHAT STOMACH SUBSTANCE STARTS THE DIGESTION OF PROTEIN?: HYDROCHLORIC ACID
WHERE DOES MOST PROTEIN DIGESTION TAKE PLACE?: IN THE SMALL INTESTINE
WHAT IS THE DAILY REQUIREMENT FOR PROTEIN?: .8 GRAMS/KG
WHAT ARE THE 4 FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS?: A,D,E,K
WHAT ARE THE WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS?: C AND B COMPLEX GROUP
WHICH TYPE OF VITAMINS ARE NOT STORED IN THE BODY AND THEREFORE NEED TO BE INGESTED EVERYDAY?: WATER-SOLUBLE
THIS VITAMIN AIDES IN NIGHT VISION, PROMOTES GROWTH OF BONES AND TEETH, MAINTAINS SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES?: VITAMIN A
THIS VITAMIN IS FOUND IN FISH OILS, CARROTS, SWEET POTATOES, BROCCOLI, AND GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES: VITAMIN A
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR VITAMIN A?: 800-1000 RE
THIS VITAMIN STIMULATES ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS?: VITAMIN D
THIS VITAMIN IS FOUND IN YEAST, FISH LIVER OILS, FORTIFIED MILK AND CEREALS?: VITAMIN D
DEFICIENCY OF THIS VITAMIN LEADS TO RICKETS, MALFORMED TEETH, AND BONE DEFORMITIES?: VITAMIN D
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR VITAMIN D: 5-10 mcg
THIS VITAMIN IS FOUND IN VEGETABLE OILS, LEAFY VEGETABLES, AND WHEAT GERM?: VITAMIN E
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR VITAMIN E?: 8-10 mg
THIS VITAMIN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SYNTHESIS OF PROTHROMBIN NEEDED FOR NORMAL BLOOD-CLOTTING?: VITAMIN K
THIS VITAMIN IS FOUND IN DARK GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES AND IS MADE BY INTESTINAL BACTERIA?: VITAMIN K
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR VITAMIN K?: 70-140 mcg
THIS VITAMIN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROMOTING WOUND HEALING, AIDS IN RESISTING INFECTION, AND ENHANCES IRON ABSORPTION?: VITAMIN C
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR VITAMIN C?: 60 mg
THIS VITAMIN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROMOTING CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM AND ENSURING NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION?: B1--THIAMINE
THIS VITAMIN IS FOUND IN ENRICHED GRAINS, CEREALS, PORK, AND LEGUMES?: B1-THIAMINE
DEFICIENCY OF THIS VITAMIN LEADS TO BERI-BERI, MENTAL CONFUSION, ANOREXIA, FATIGUE, AND MUSCLE WEAKNESS?: B1--THIAMINE
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR B1--THIAMINE?: 1.0-1.4 mg
THIS VITAMIN IS FOUND IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS, MEAT, POULTRY, FISH, AND ENRICHED GRAINS AND CEREALS?: B2--RIBOFLAVIN
THIS VITAMIN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROMOTING CARBOHYDRATE, FAT, AND PROTEIN METABOLISM, PROMOTES DNA SYNTHESIS, AND AIDS IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS?: B2--RIBOFLAVIN
DEFICIENCY OF THIS VITAMIN LEADS TO ORAL LESIONS, DERMATITIS, CHEILOSIS( CRACKS IN THE CORNER OF THE MOUTH), RED AND SWOLLEN TONGUE, REDDENING OF CORNEA?: B2--RIBOFLAVIN
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR VITAMIN B2--RIBOFLAVIN?: 1.2-1.7 mg
THIS VITAMIN AIDES IN OXIDATION, PROMOTES CARBOHYDRATE, PROTEIN, AND FAT METABOLISM?: NIACIN
THIS VITAMIN PROMOTES BLOOD FORMATION, MAINTAINS NERVOUS TISSUE, AND IS NECESSARY FOR AMINO ACID METABOLISM?: B6--PYRIDOXINE
DEFICIENCY OF THIS VITAMIN LEADS TO ABNORMAL BRAIN WAVE PATTERNS, DEPRESSION, SZ, AND ANEMIA?: B6--PYRIDOXINE
THIS VITAMIN PROMOTES NORMAL FUNCTION OF ALL CELLS, ESPECIALLY OF NERVOUS SYSTEM, PROMOTES BLOOD FORMATION, AIDS IN SYNTHESIS OF DNA AND RNA?: B12--COBALAMIN
THIS VITAMIN IS FOUND IN FRESH SHRIMP, OYSTERS, MEATS, MILK, EGGS, AND CHEESE?: B12--COBALAMIN
DEFICIENCY OF THIS VITAMIN RESULTS IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA, ANOREXIA, INDIGESTION, PARESTHESIA OF HANDS AND FEET?: B12--COBALAMIN
THIS VITAMIN IS NECESSARY FOR SYNTHESIS OF RNA, DNA, WBC, AND RBC?: FOLATE
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR FOLATE?: 400 mcg
IN WHAT VITAMIN CLASS IS PANTOTHENIC ACID?: B-COMPLEX CLASS
TRUE OR FALSE--VITAMINS DO NOT REQUIRE DIGESTION?: TRUE
WHAT HAPPENS IN THE BODY IF EXCESS AMOUNTS OF FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS ARE CONSUMED?: THEY ARE STORED IN LIVER AND ADIPOSE
IF A PATIENT WERE RECEIVING TPN WHAT VITAMIN MIGHT THEY BECOME DEFICIENT IN?: BIOTIN
WHAT IS THE SPECIAL QUALITY OF BETA CAROTENE?: IT IS A PRECURSOR FOR VITAMIN A
WHAT % OF BODYWEIGHT DO MINERALS MAKE UP?: 4%
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF A MAJOR MINERAL?: ONE THAT IS REQUIRED IN THE BODY IN AMOUNTS GREATER THAN 100 mg/DAY
THIS MINERAL IS IMPORTANT TO BONE AND TOOTH FORMATION, ACID-BASE BALANCE, EVERGY AND METABOLISM, CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURE, COMPONENT OF NUCLEIC ACIDS, FAT ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT, AND GLUCOSE ABSORPTION?: PHOSPHORUS
WHAT FOODS MIGJT PHOSPHORUS BE CONTAINED IN?: MILK, MEATS, FISH, POULTRY, EGGS, DRIED PEAS, NUTS
DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO ANOREXIA, WEAKNESS, PARESTHESIAS, HYPERVENTILATION?: PHOSPHORUS
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR PHOSPHORUS?: 800 mg
THIS MINERAL FUNCTIONS IN FLUID BALANCE, ACID-BASE BALANCE, MUSCULAR IRRITABILITY, CELL PERMEABILITY, AND NERVE IMPULSE TRANSMISSION?: SODIUM
WHAT ARE THE DIETARY SOURCES OF SODIUM?: MEATS, VEGETABLES, CONDIMENTS, PICKLED FOODS, HAM, SOFT WATER, FOODS PREPARED IN BRINE SOLUTIONS, MILK, CARROTS, CELERY, BEETS, AND SPINACH
DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO COLD AND CLAMMY SKIN, DECREASED SKIN TURGOR, APPREHENSION, TREMORS, SZ, ABDOMINAL CRAMPS, N&V, AND DIARRHEA?: SODIUM
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR SODIUM?: 1100-3300mg
THIS MINERAL FUNCTIONS IN FLUID BALANCE, ACID-BASE BALANCE, NERVE IMPULSE TRANSMISSION, STRIATED SKELETAL MUSCLE AND CARDIAC MUSCLE ACTIVITY, CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, AND AS A CATALYST FOR MANY METABOLIC REACTIONS?: POTASSOIUM
WHAT ARE THE DIETARY SOURCES OF POTASSIUM?: WHOLE GRAINS, LEGUMES FRUITS, LEAFY VEGETABLES, BROCCOLI, SWEET POTATOES, MEAT, POTATOES, AND TOMATOES
DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO MUSCLE CRAMPS AND WEAKNESS, CARDIAC MUSCLE WEAKNESS, ANOREXIA, N&V, MENTAL DEPRESSION AND CONFUSION, LETHARGY, ABDOMINAL DISTENTION, SHALLOW RESPIRATIONS, AND IRREGULAR PULSES?: POTASSIUM
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR POTASSIUM?: 1875-5625mg
THIS MINERAL FUNCTIONS IN BONE AND TOOTH FORMATION, SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXATION, CARB METABOLISM, PROTEIN SYSTHESIS, HORMONAL ACTIVITY, AND CELL REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH?: MAGNESIUM
WHAT ARE THE DIETARY SOURCES OF MAGNESIUM?: LEAFY GREEN VEGETABLES, NUTS, DRIED PEAS AND BEANS, SEAFOOD, COCOA, AND CHOCOLATE
DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO INCREASES NEUROMUSCULAR AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IRRITABILITY, LOSS OF MUSCULAR CONTROL, TREMORS, DISORIENTATION, TETANY, AND CONVULSIONS?: MAGNESIUM
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR MAGNESIUM?: 350mg
THIS MINERAL FUNCTIONS IN FLUID BALANCE, AND AS A COMPONENT OF GASTRIC JUICE, AND ACID-BASE BALANCE?: CHLORIDE
THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN SALT AND PROCESSED FOODS?: CHLORIDE
DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO MUSCLE CRAMPS AND ANOREXIA?: CHLORIDE
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR CHLORIDE?: NO RDA!!!
THIS MINERAL IS A COMPONENT OF CARTILAGE, TENDONS, HAIR, AND NAILS?: SULFUR
THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN SOME AMINO ACIDS AND SEVERAL B VITAMINS AND PROTEINS?: SULFUR
DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL DOES NOT OCCUR UNLESS SEVERE PROTEIN DEFICIENCY IS PRESENT?: SULFUR
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR SULFUR?: NO RDA!!!
THIS MINERAL FUNCTIONS IN OXYGEN TRANSPORT VIA HEMOGLOBIN AND MYOGLOBIN AND ENZYME SYSTEM ACTIONS?: IRON
THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN LIVER, LEAN MEATS, ENRICHED AND WHOLE-GRAIN BREADS AND CEREALS?: IRON
DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO MICROCYTIC ANEMIA, PALLORM DECREASED WORK CAPACITY, FATIGUE, WEAKNESS, SPOON-SHAPED NAILS?: IRON
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR IRON?: 10-18mg
THIS MINERAL FUNCTIONS AS A COMPONENT OF THYROID HORMONES?: IODINE
THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN IODIZED SALT, SEAFOOD, FOOD ADDITIVES, DOUGH CONDITIONERS, AND DAIRY DISINFECTANTS?: IODINE
DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO GOITER?: IODINE
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR IODINE?: 150mg
THIS MINERAL FUNCTIONS IN TISSUE GROWTH,DEVELOPMENT AND HEALING, SEXUAL MATURATION AND REPRODUCTION, ENZYME FORMATION, AND IMMUNE RESPONSE?: ZINC
THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN OYSTERS, LIVER, MEATS, POULTRY, DRIED PEAS AND BEANS, NUTS?: ZINC
DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO IMPAIRED GROWTH, SEXUAL MATURATION, AND IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS, SKIN LESIONS, DECREASED SENSE OF TASTE AND SMELL?: ZINC
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR ZINC?: 15mg
THIS MINERAL IS A COMPONENT OF ENZYMES FUNCTIONING AS ANTIOXIDANTS?: SELENIUM
THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN SEAFOOD, MEAT, AND WHOLE GRAINS?: SELENIUM
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR SELENIUM?: .05-.2mg
THIS MINERAL IS A COMPONENT OF ENZYMES FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION, HEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS, AND TISSUE MAINTENANCE?: COPPER
THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN SHELLFISH, GRAINS, NUTS, LEGUMES, AND MEATS?: COPPER
DEFICIENCY LEADS TO ANEMIA, BONE DEMINERALIZATION , AND DECREASED IMMUNITY?: COPPER
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR COPPER?: 2-3mg
THIS MINERAL IS AN ENZYME ACTIVATOR AND A CATALYST FOR METABOLIC REACTIONS?: MANGANESE
THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN NUTS, WHEAT BRAN, LEAFY GREEN VEGETABLES, SEEDS, AND DRIED LEGUMES?: MANGANESE
DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO MUSCLE PAIN, HEART ENLARGEMENT, AND HEART FAILURE?: SELENIUM
DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO WEIGHT LOSS AND SKIN LESIONS?: MANGANESE
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR MANGANESE?: 2-5 mg
THIS MINERAL STRENGHTENS TOOTH AND BONE STRUCTURE?: FLUORIDE
THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN DRINKING WATER, TEA, AND FISH?: FLUORIDE
DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO DENTAL CARIES?: FLUORIDE
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR FLUORIDE?: 1.5-4mg
THIS MINERAL FACILITATES GLUCOSE UPTAKE BY CELLS AND DECREASES SERUM CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDES?: CHROMIUM
THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN BREWER'S YEAST, LIVER, OYSTERS, WHEAT PRODUCTS, AND LEGUMES?: CHROMIUM
DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO IMPAIRED GLUCOSE METABOLISM?: CHROMIUM
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR CHROMIUM?: .05-.2mg
THIS MINERAL IS A CONSTITUENT OF ENZYMES CATALYZING OXIDATIVE REACTIONS?: MOLYBDENUM
THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN ORGAN MEATS, LEGUMES, GRAINS, AND DARK GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES?: MOLYBDENUM
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR MOLYBDENUM?: .15-.5mg
THIS MINERAL IS A CONSTITUENT OF VITAMIN B12?: COBALT
THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN LIVER, MEAT, MILK, CHEESE, AND EGGS?: COBALT
WHAT IS THE RDA FOR COBALT?: NO RDA!!!
IN WHAT YEAR WAS THE FOOD GUIDE PYRAMID ADOPTED?: 1992
HOW MANY SERVINGS PER DAY ARE RECOMMENDED FOR THE BREAD/CEREAL GROUP?: 6-11
HOW MANY SERVINGS/DAY ARE RECC.FOR FRUITS?: 2-4
HOW MANY SERVINGS/DAY ARE RECC.FOR VEGETABLES?: 3-5
HOW MANY SERVINGS/DAY ARE RECC FOR DARK GREEN OR DEEP YELLOW VEGGIES?: 1
HOW MANY SERVINGS/DAY ARE RECC. FOR MILK AND MEAT GROUP?: 2-3
WHT INFORMATION DID THE NUTRITION LABELLING AND EDUCATION ACT OF 1990 PROVIDE FOR THE CONSUMER?: NUTRITION FACTS ON FOOD PACKAGES EXPLAINING % OF DAILY VALUE FOR FAT, CHOLESTEROL, SODIUM,CARBS, PROTEIN, VITAMINS,AND NUTRIENTS
WHAT DOES REE STAND FOR?: RESTING EVERGY EXPENDITURE
THE AVERAGE PERSON WITH A DAILY DEFICIT OF _____CALORIES WILL RESULT IN LOSS OF 1 LB PER WEEK?: 500 CALORIES

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Number of cards 156