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SCIENCE FINAL

Terms

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river controversies
disputes over rivers--who has the right to use the water and how much of that water
algal bloom
a large sprouting of algae
nonpoint source pollution
multiple source of a contaminate
salt pruning (maritime forest)
salt wind kills the ocean side of trees
examples of river controversies
south carolina v. north carolina over interbasin water transfer/Colorado river/international disputes
rain gardens
a BMP that reduces runoff and pollution by creating more pervious surface
fecal coliform
a pathogen found in human or animal waste
Estuary
brackish water (also called a sound) that must be on a submergent primary coast fed by a river and ocean and sometimes have a salt wedge
dilute
to make something have a lower concentration
Snowy Egret
a bird that lives in the salt marsh and contains big feet to walk without sinking, and tall legs
brackish
mixture of salt and fresh water
toxic chemicals
chemicals that are poisonous to living things including heavy metals, industrial chemicals, and some household chemicals
quantitative data
numbers
recharge zone
the area of land from which the groundwater originates
impervious surface
a surface that doesn't let water through
Clean Water Act
an act to insure cleaner water
rip tides
tides that take you out to sea
isomap
a map that connects points of equal measure
sewer water
waste water, treated and sludge extracted
glacial melt
sediment laden water from glaciers that formed the first barrier islands
street map
a map with roads and buildings
distillation
the process of heating salt water to get the fresh water vapor
Replenishment/deposition
Natural process of putting something somewhere
pathogen
disease causing organisms such as bacteria
adaptation
behavior of physical characteristics that allows an organism to survive in its environment (must be capable of passing to offspring through genetics)
Water Conservation
using water more efficently/minimize your usage
groundwater
water that seeps underground via the soil
sea turtle
an organism that always lays its eggs in the dunes and comes back to the same beach
radioactive waste
waste from power plants, nuclear plants, and/or defense facilities
reverse osmosis
the filtration of the salt water that traps the salt there by creating fresh water
longshore current
when the wave hits the shore parallel or at an angle and elongates islands
Atlantic ribbed mussel
an organism that uses byssal threads to anchor itself in the mud
cape
Strip of land projecting into a body of water
dam
a structure built across a river or stream that restricts the flow of water traveling downstream
oysters
evidence of island migration
ghost crab
live at high tide mark, nocturnal, burrows in the sand to get water to breath (has gills), and is a scavener
hydrogen bond
a weak bond between a positively charged hydrogen and a negatively charged oxygen atom
Erosion
wearing away of the land by the action of water, ice, or wind
dissolved oxygen
what algae creates when it dies
biological magnification
toxins that travel up the food chain increasing as you get to the higher tiers
cohesion
two or more molecules of the same substance bonding together
pollution
a substance that harms an organism
point pollution
pollution that comes from one source
wind
moves sand and forms dunes
eutrophication
the loss of dissolved oxygen on water
contamination
something that is not supposed to be there
coquina
a small colorful shells that have a foot to move through the sand in the tidal zone
salinity
measure of salt in water
characteristics of secondary coasts
wave erosion, water chemistry, coral building, organisms, erosional or depositional, eroded coast
desalinization
the process of removing salt form salt water to make fresh water
water pollution
substances that cause harm to an organism in water
threshold levels
the level at which something is dangerous or noticeable
ocean beach, primary dune, secondary dune, maritime forest, salt marsh, estuary/sound
order of life zones
adhesion
two or more molecules substance bonding to another substance
Emergent coastline
a type of primary coast that is there because land has been lifted
BMP
best management practices
storm water
runoff, water that goes directly into the stream
contour interval
space between isolines on a topographical map
sediment
sand, soil or organic matter
groundwater
underground supply of fresh water
runoff
storm water that goes directly and untreated into lakes or rivers nearby
impermeable
materials that liquid cannot flow through
mississippi
largest north american delta
characteristics of emergent coastlines
typically rocky
Elongate
to stretch out
Barrier Islands
secondary coast of mainland, typically found at the mouth of a river
Inlet
Break in a barrier island connecting ocean and lagoon
mole crab
lives in the tidal zones and contains paddle like legs for digging and swimming
clay
aquitard
inorganic chemicals
acids, salts, metals
water cycle
the continuos process in which water changes its physical form and makes water a renewable resource
primary dune
the first dune after the ocean that contain grasses slow or stop sand from eroding
pervious surface
a surface that lets water through
rain barrels
a BMP that reduces runoff and pollution by catching the water under the gutter
watershed
the entire area of land that is drained by a river--where the river gets the water that recharges it from
Delta
Triangular deposits of sediment at the mouth of a river
flow
low to high tide
qualitative data
words descriptions
tectonic forces
cause emergent coastlines
cape
hatteras (ex of blank)
topographical map
shows you where the elevation changes and the shape of the land
geological cross section
maps that show you what is below the surface
tides
caused by moons gravitational pull
salt wedge
where the fresh water sits on top of a growing pile of salt that is larger near the barrier island
aquifers
large amounts of groundwater that are found in underground rock formations
primary coast
a coast formed by processes occurring in land
permeable
materials that liquid can flow through
salt marsh
next to the sound, contains calm brackish water, is a nursery for many sea animals, feeding ground that contains spartina
secondary dune
the dune farther from the ocean that contains small trees and shrubs
Island Migration
Movement of barrier islands due to the deposition and erosion
maritime forest
oldest and most stable of the barrier island ecosystem/shelter and nesting for terrestrial animals/ contains fresh water
surface water
fresh water that is above ground in lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams
organic matter
biodegradable remains of plants and animals, including feces
tidal zone
zone between high tide and low tide
ocean overwash
when a salty body of water deposits sediment to sound side of the island
sludge
bi-product of waste water that can be used in agriculture
concentration
amount of a solid dissolved in water
White Ibis
a bird that lives in the salt marsh and contains a long curved bill and legs
reservoir
an artificial lake where the water that is prevented from gong downstream (by a dam) collects
current
partially caused by ocean convection
surface tension
when hydrogen bonding causes cohesion between water molecules and then causes the surface of a substance to bond
aquifer
an underground storage of water in a permeable material
artificial eutrophication
where fertilizer runoff causes algae growth that dissolves the oxygen when it dies and kills fish
oceans
salt water that cover 71% of all surface on earth and contain many orgainisms
isolines
lines of a isomap
plume spread rate
r=d/t
organic chemicals
pesticides, fertilizers, plastics, detergents, gasoline, oil and petroleum based products
Beach
where ocean meets land, constant erosion and change
plume
the part of an aquifer that becomes contaminated
Secondary Coast
a coast formed by processes occurring at sea
characteristics of primary coast
rough, irregular, land erosion, volcanoes, deposition of sediment, estuaries, earthquake,deltas, sea level change
germination
sprouting of a seed
sand
aquifer (medium spaces)
aquitard
impermeable materials in the earth
marsh peat
organic matter form salt marsh and evidence of island migration
HHW
household hazardous waste
water table
the upper boundary of saturated ground that changes
physical agents
heat and suspended solids such as soil
point source pollution
the single source of a contaminate
estuary/sound/lagoon
body of water located between a barrier island and mainland
example of water conservation
flush your toilet less/do laundry less/turn off the water when you are brushing your teeth
detritus
dead rotting organic matter
spartina
cord grass in the salt marsh
nonpoint pollution
pollution that comes from lots of sources
green tree frog
an organism that lives in the maritime forest and uses the fresh water there to reproduce, has long feet and pads on them, also is camouflage
thermal pollution
where the water changes temperature suddenly and the fish cannot adapt
gravel
aquifer (large spaces)
ppb
parts per billion
contour lines
the isolines on a topographical map
ebb
high to low tide
submergent coastlines
a type of primary coast that is there because land has been drowned by the sea
plankton
organisms that live in the ocean and can make the oceans look "dirty"
elevation
the distance above sea level
ppm
parts per million
well
a pipe that goes dow past the water table
brackish
a mix of salt and fresh water
isoconcentration map
a map that shows the contamination of a plume
sea oats
a type of grass in the primary dune that stops sand from eroding
capillary action
the property of some substances to adhere to tubes and move upward defying gravity
turbidity
the murkiness of the water

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