derm 2
Terms
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- name the layers of the epidermis
- stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basalis (californias like girls in string bikinis)
- what is the function of the zona occludens?
- prevents diffusion across intracellular spaces
- what is another name for zona occludens
- tight junctions
- what is another name for zona adherens
- intermediate junction
- what is the function of the zona adherens
- surrounds perimeter just below zona occludens
- what is the zona adherens composed of?
- actin filaments and E-cadherin
- what is another name for macula adherens
- desmosome
- what is the purpose of the macula adherens
- small, discrete type of attachment
- what is the macula adherens composed of?
- keratin and desmoplakin
- what is the purpose of gap junctions
- allows adjacent cells to communicate for electrical/metabolic functions
- what is the purpose of integrin
- maintains integrity of basement membrane
- what is the purpose of hemidesmosome
- connect cells to underlying ECM
- flat, nonpalpable lesion of different color than surrounding skin, less than 1 cm
- macule
- flat, nonpalpable lesion of different color than surrounding skin greater than 1 cm
- patch
- small, palpable elevated skin lesion < 1cm
- papule
- palpable, elevated skin lesion >1cm
- plaque
- small fluid contianing blister
- vesicle
- large fluid containing blister
- bulla
- blister w/ pus
- pustule
- dried exudate from vesicle, bulla, pustule
- crust
- increaesd thickenss of stratum corneum
- hyperkeratosis
- increased thickness of stratum corneum with retention of nuclei of keratinocytes
- parakeratosis
- thickening of epidermis
- acanthosis
- epidermal intercellular edema with widening of intercellular spaces
- spongiosis
- separation of epidermal cells from one another, cells float within extracellular fluid
- acantholysis
- accentuation of skin markings by scratching
- lichenification
- inflammatory pruritic skin disorders characterized by allergy, infection, chemical injury
- dermatitis
- pruritic erruptions on flexor surfaces associated with other allergic diseases
- atopic dermatitis
- type of hypersensitivity for atopic dermatitis
- type IV
- type IV HSE reaction with exposure to poison ivy, lesion occurs at site of contact
- allergic contact dermatitis
- acanthosis with parakeratic scaling on kneees and elbow. increased statum spinosum, decreased stratum granulosum
- psoriasis
- associated with severe destructive rheumatoid arthirtis lesions on fingers
- psoriasis
- recurrent pruritic blistering disorder on extensor surfaces
- dermatitis herpatiformis
- what types of deposits are found in dermatitis herpatiformis
- IgA
- what is dermatitis herpatiformis associated with
- celiac disease
- pruritic, purple, polygonal papules with infiltrates of lymphocytes at dermoepidermal junction
- lichen planus
- macules, papules, and vesicles plus target lesions
- erythema multiforme
- common skin hypersensitivity associated with infections, drugs, cancers, autoimmmune diseaes
- erythema multiforme
- high fever, bulla formation, ulceration of skin, high mortality
- stevens-johnson syndrome
- sharply demarcated raised plaque/papule with pasted-on appearance
- seborrheic keratosis
- is seborrheic keratosis benign or malignant?
- benign
- rough, scaling, poorly demarcated plaques
- actinic keratosis
- what causes actinic keratosis?
- sun exposure
- is actinic keratosis pre-malignant?
- yes
- how is risk for cancer corelated with actinic keratosis?
- correlated with degree of epithelial dysplasia
- what type of cancer occurs with actinic keratosis?
- squamous cell carcinoma
- autoimmune disorder with linear band of immunofluorescence along basement membrane
- bullous pemphigoid
- what type of antibody is in bullous pemphigoid?
- IgG
- what is more severe, bullous pemphigoid or pemphigus vulgaris?
- pemphigus vulgaris
- intradermal bullae involving oral mucosa and skin
- pemphigus vulgaris
- what is difference in location of lesion between bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris
- pemphigus vulgaris in oral mucosa + skin
- cells floating in extracellular fluid and immunofluorescence encircling individual epidermal cells
- pemphigus vulgaris
- cadherin that is attacked in pemphigous vulgaris
- demsoglein
- define desmoglein
- cadherin that forms linkages at desmosomes
- what is the most common skin tumor
- basal cell carcinoma
- is metastasis common in squamous cell carcinoma?
- no
- what causes squamous cell carcinoma?
- excessive sunlight exposure
- where is squamous cell carcinoma found?
- sun exposed areas on body
- invasion of dermis by sheets and islands of neoplastic epidermal cells
- squamous cell carcinoma
- lower part of face cancer
- squamous cell carcinoima
- cancer of upper part of face; mostly head and neck
- basal cell carcinoma
- pearly papule with overlying telangiectatic vessels
- basal cell carcinoma
- clusters of darky staining cells with arrangement of nuclei at periphery of clusters
- basal cell carcinoma
- does basal cell carcinoma metastasize?
- no
- cancer of fair skinned people
- melanoma
- cancer with significant risk of metastasis
- melanoma
- what is the major cause of melanoma?
- excessive sunlight
- what factor correlates with metastasis in melanoma?
- depth of tumor
- what is the precursor lesion for melanoma?
- dysplastic nevus
- atypical irregularly pigmented lesion with disorderly proliferation of melanocytes and dermal fibrosis
- dysplastic nevis
- purple-red area on face or neck, ipsilateral glaucoma, hemangiomas in meninges
- sturge-webber
- abnormal proliferation of conncetive tissue following trauma in blacks
- keloids
- thickening of epidermis + hyperpigmentation that can be marker for visceral malignancy
- acanthosis nigricans
- acquired loss of melanocytes with no relatoinship to albinism
- vitiligo
- benign melanoma in kids often confused with malignant melanoma
- spitz nevus
- benign skin tumor in clusters/nests
- nevocellular nevus (common mole)
- umbilicated, dome-shaped papules in kids transmitted by direct contact
- molluscum contagiosum
- melanin synthetic defect of eyes, skin, hair
- oculocutaneous albinism
- genetic skin defect that predisposes to mainly squamous cell carcinoma
- oculocutaneous albinism
- cause of oculocutaneous albinism
- failure of conversion of tyrosine to DOPA.
- poorest progosis of melanoma. mostly vertical growth
- nodular melonoma
- melanoma of black people on hands and feet
- acral-lengitinous melanoma
- name 3 symptoms for sturge-webber
- convulsions, mental retardation, retinal detachment
- where do xanthomas most commonly occur?
- eyelids
- initial presentation = scaling, indurated, ulcerated nodule
- squamous cell carcinoma
- silvery scales
- psoriasis
- sharply demarcated erythematous papules and plaques in a chronic inflammatory process
- psoriasis
- non-pruritic rash on butt with nothing on KOH prep and doesn't respond to topic steroids. patches in triangular configuration.
- pityriasis rosea
- bald spot on head that is wood's light positive
- microsporum canus
- MCC tinea capitis that's wood's light negative
- trycophytan tonsurans
- all superficial dermatophyte infections that have red edge and clear center with hyphae and yeast in KOH prep (except tinea capitus)
- trycophytan rubrum
- organism and disease responsible for pre-AIDS skin lesion w/ redness, yellow/waxy scale plus flaking
- malessezia furfur - seborrheic dermatitis
- most common area of psoriasis
- scalp (people think it's dandruff)
- melanoma in old people that's fawn colored with irregular borders that's least likely to metastasize
- lentigo malignant melanoma
- where is receptor for androgens in skin?
- sebaceous glands
- antibody to epidermal basement membrane protein
- bullous pemphigoid
- autoantibodies to intercellular junctions of epidermal cells
- pemphigus vulgaris
- separation of skin upon manual stroking (nikolsky's sign)
- pemphigus vulgaris
- eosinophils within blisters
- bullous pemphigoid
- HLA associationg with psoriasis arthritis
- HLAB27
- HLA w/ psoriasis w/o arthritis
- HLAB13
- warts commonly found on hands
- verruca vulgaris
- abnormal cells with nests in epidermis but not below
- carcinoma in situ
- coffee colored macules
- cafe au lait spots
- muscles that give rise to goose bumps
- arrector pili
- common shallow singular ulcer in mouth in AIDS
- aphthous ulcer
- common complication of chronic lower leg edema: edema, erythema, mild scaling, brown discoloration, poorly defined edges
- stasis dermatitis
- large golden crusts versus tiny oral vesicles
- impetigo vs HSV1