Islam Terms
Terms from the Islam Unit
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Shahada
- 1st Pillar of Practice; Declaration of Faith; believe Muhammad was last and greatest prophet of God
- Quran
- the holy book of Islam
- jihad
- in Islam, an effort in God's service
- Mecca
- a city in western Saudi Arabia; birthplace of the prophet Muhammad and most holy city for Islamic people
- Suleiman the Magnificent
- ruled Ottoman empire from 1520-1566; "the Lawgiver"; general who expanded the empire into eastern Middle East, Kurdistan, and Georgia
- shah
- king
- hadith
- the collected traditions, teachings, and stories of the prophet Muhammad, accepted as a source of Islamic doctrine and law second only to the Qu'ran
- Ottoman
- Turkish-speaking nomadic people who migrated from Central Asia into northwestern Asia Minor
- Six Pillars of Faith
- 1>belief in one God; 2>belief in angels; 3> belief in the divine books; 4> belief in the prophets; 5> belief in the last; 6> belief in Divine destiny
- Sawm
- 4th Pillar of Practice; Fast during Ramadan-Muhammad receives his first revelations from God; fast from sunrise to sunset;
- Medina
- a city in western Saudi Arabia; "city of the prophet"; a city where Muhammad preached
- Allah
- the Arabic word for "God"
- Muhammad
- became a prophet of messenger of God
- judgement
- the day where each individual will stand before God to face eternal punishment or eternal bliss in paradise
- mosque
- Muslim house of worship
- Haji
- 5th Pillar of Practice; pilgrimage to Mecca; wear simple attire to symbolize the abandonment of the material world for the sake of God
- Muslim
- followers of Islam
- Sufis
- Muslim mystics who seek communion with God through medication, fasting, and other rituals
- Abu Bakr
- Muhammad's father-in-law; successor to Muhammad
- Zakat
- 3rd Pillar of Practice; Alms for the Poor; give charity to the poor; form of collected tax
- Bedouins
- a desert-dwelling nomad
- Abbasid
- dynasty that ruled in Baghdad from 750-1258
- Safavid
- Shiite Muslim empire that ruled much of present-day Iran from the 1500s into the 1700s
- Umma
- a community of Muslims
- Caliphate
- the territorial jurisdiction of a caliph (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/caliphate)
- sultan
- Muslim ruler
- Seljuk Turks
- migrated from Central Asia to Middle East in 900s; built empire across Fertile Crescent and adopted Islam
- Umayyad
- member of the Sunni dynasty of caliphs that ruled a Muslim empire from 661 to 750
- Arabs
- adopted Islam
- Sharia
- body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life
- Shah Abbas
- revived the glory of ancient Persia; centralized government and created a powerful military force; tolerated non-Muslim religions; lowered taxes on farmers and herders; moved capital to Isfahan, becomes center if international silk trade
- janizary
- elite force of the Ottoman army
- Sunni
- a member of one of the largest Muslim sects; believe inspiration came from the example of Muhammad as recorded by his early followers
- hijra
- Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina
- Kaaba
- the most sacred temple of Islam, located at Mecca
- Shiite
- a member of one of the two major Muslim sects; believe that the descendants of Muhammad's daughter and son-in-law, Ali, are the true Muslim leaders
- Salat
- 2nd Pillar of Practice; Daily Prayer; pray five times each day