genetic terms
Terms
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- Polymerase
- any enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA or RNA from deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleotides
- Autosome
- a nuclear chromosome other than the X- and Y-chromosomes.
- Gamete
- a haploid cell.gel electrophoresis the process by which nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) or proteins are separated by size according to movement of the charged molecules in an electrical field
- Recessive
- A genetic disorder that appears only in patients who have received two copies of a mutant gene, one from each parent
- Crossovers
- the exchange of genetic material between two paired chromosome during meiosis.
- Clone
- genetically engineered replicas of DNA sequences
- Ribosomal protein
- one of the ribonucleoprotein particles that are the sites of translation.
- Mutation
- A permanent structural alteration in DNA.
- Genotype
- The genetic identity of an individual that does not show as outward characteristics
- Genome
- All the DNA contained in an organism or a cell, which includes both the chromosomes within the nucleus and the DNA in mitochondria
- Prognosis
- prediction of the course and probable outcome of a disease
- Cell
- The basic unit of any living organism
- Deletion
- the loss of a segment of the genetic material from a chromosome
- Imprinting
- a chemical modification of a gene allele which can be used to identify maternal or paternal origin of chromosome
- Cytogenetics
- the study of chromosomes.
- Enzyme
- A protein that encourages a biochemical reaction, usually speeding it up
- Sickle cell anemia
- an hereditary, chronic form of hemolytic anemia characterized by breakdown of the red blood cells; red blood cells undergo a reversible alteration in shape when the oxygen tension of the plasma falls slightly and a sickle-like shape forms
- Phenotype
- observable characteristics of an organism produced by the organism's genotype interacting with the environment
- Chromosome
- One of the threadlike "packages" of genes and other DNA in the nucleus of a cell.
- Bacteria
- A single-celled organism that can be found throughout nature and can be beneficial or pathogenic.
- Human Genome Project
- An international research project to map each human gene and to completely sequence human DNA
- Dominant
- A gene that almost always results in a specific physical characteristic, for example, a disease, even though the patient's genome possesses only one copy
- Disease
- any deviation from the normal structure or function of any part, organ, or system of the body that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs whose pathology and prognosis may be known or unknown.
- Linkage
- the greater association in inheritance of two or more nonallelic genes than is to be expected from independent assortment; genes are linked because they reside on the same chromosome.
- Genetic map
- a chromosome map of a species that shows the position of its known genes and/or markers relative to each other