World Politics, Test II
Terms
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- Why was liberalism/idealism created?
- Seen as "the war to end all wars," WWI had a colossal amount of carnage. Some began to believe that cooperation was the only way to avoid these terrible things
- What type of government rules Afghanistan?
- Warlords
- Dominant Realists
- EH Carr, Hans Morgenthau, Theocydides, Machiovelli, Hobbes
- Define Neo-liberalism
- An updated version of liberalism. States are key actors in international relations. Non-state actors are important, but not AS.
- Define Neo-realism/Structural Realism
- National interests often collide. The archaic system is at fault, according to KENNETH WALTZ.
- How must nation-states act in order to survive?
- Antagonistically
- Name of Marx's "side kick"
- Friedrech Engels
- What were Marx's feelings on the Industrial Revolution?
- He was completely against it. The gap between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat was too great. Capitalism was too profit motivated; the rich drove the poor to numerous travesties
- Bourgeoisie
- Factory owners; the upper class. Would pay as little as he could to his workers while making the most profit possible.
- Proletariat
- Factory workers; worked in terrible conditions for very low wages. Prone to alocholism, domestic abuse, poverty, etc.
- Marx was by no means a fan of capitalism. What advances in capitalism occured that Marx did not forsee?
- Marx did not forsee unions, Child Labor Laws, minimum wage laws, and other gov't interactions.
- Labor Theory of Value
- the labor required to produce. Marx believed that any profit was a surplus value. Items should be sold for however much it cost to make them and nothing more.
- What did Marx believe was motivation to do well?
- Being a good citizen to improve yourself and society.
- Marx's Theory of History
- History is progressive, always moving towards higher levels of civilization.
- Staircase of Civilization
- slavery feudalism capitalism pure communism
- Dialectic Process
- Staircase of Civilization; ends in pure communism--a society where everyone is equal. People only work for what they NEED. No profit.
- What two classes of people breed class hatred?
- Exploiters and exploited.
- Give an example of how solidarity emerges within the exploiters and exploited?
- In Europe, a Brit, Frenchman, and a German member of the proletariat class would relate better to each other than they would to a British, French, or German bourgeois, respectively.
- The Proletarian Revolution occured because competition caused...what?
- Competition causes the smaller
- How does capitalism affect "mom and pop" stores?
- As competition grows, smaller businesses become pushed out of the picture and over taken by larger corporations.
- What is the Vanguard (of the Proletariat)?
- leaders of the Proletariat Revolution (aka Communist party). Main player in the transition from the Proletariat Revolution to Pure Communism.
- Has any revolution towards communism successfully made it to "pure communism"?
- No, they all get stuck in the "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" period.
- Mao Tse Tung
- Chinese revolutionary enamored with marxism.
- Kumindmg
- Chinese Nationalists during Mao's reign. Mao turned to USSR to help them against the fight of the nationalists and capitalism.
- Mao's army perfected what type of warfare?
- Guerilla
- How did Guerilla Warfare work?
-
1-Army would surround large urban areas, but don't actually go into them.
2-Attacked isolated, smaller forces
3--Give land back to people so they can provide you with food, shelter, recruits, etc. - When Mao overthrew Kumindmg, making China a Communist Nation-State, which power did the West recognize?
- The Nationalists, who actually moved to Taiwan.
- Describe China's government today.
- China is still technically a communist government, but they are actually changing into a capitalist economy. (Political freedoms are pretty non-existent, but economic freedoms are increasing.
- What about NKorea's government?
- Not really "purely" communist, but they have no political freedoms, economy is less than admirable, brutal dictator, nukes (??).
- What is Euro-Communism??
-
A glorified socialist party who tried to run for office (contradictory???)
They wanted to slowly introduce policy via policy. - How did socialists view government involvement in industries?
- GOvernments should own industries in order to better equip themselves to direct the economy of a state and use funds in a more efficient manner.
- Totalitarian Government...
-
...has total control of government of people in the system. Wants to reshape society: how citizens act, dress, etc.
Example: Taliban - Authroitarian Government
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The ruler is most concerned about staying in power and maintaining political domiinance. Social and economic factors do not matter.
Example: China - Pluraliot Government
- Everyone has a chance has a chance to impact government. Citizens must organize to improve it.
- Welfare State
- everyone in society should have certain things: healthcare, education, housing, food, pension
- The "Red Menace" (communism) was replaced with the "Green Menace" aka...
- Islam
- Would liberals be in favor or opposed to international organizations?
- Definitely in favor because they believe organization help resolve conflicts.
- Multinational Corporations (transnational corporations)
- Corporations that manage production establishments, such as factories and other places where things are manufactured)
- Give examples of early MNC's.
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Knights Templar (dabbled in banking.)
British East India Company (dabbled in taking over economies of NUMEROUS countries.) - Inter-Governmental Organizations (IGOs)
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Made up of sovereign states or other IGO's.
Example: EU, UN, NATO, OPEC - Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs)
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Non profit groups/associations operating outside of institutionalized political structures.
Example: Red Cross, Red Crescent Movement, AARP - How to NGOs get so many members and such big budgets?
- Large NGOs have huge budgets thru donations, fundraisers, membership, grants, etc.