Chapter 13 history
Terms
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- Sundiata
- mythical figure: one that was thought to have established Mali
- Mediterranean and extreme southern coasts
- temperate weather and good soil
- tuaregs
- custom is to where blue robes, it makes their skin look black and blue. they are a specific tribe of berber group who is responsible for trans-saharan trade
- menelik
- King of Axum, son of King Solomon and Queen Shiba
- Abyssinians
- Ethiopians
- matrilineal descent
- names and rights were received from the mother's side
- kerma
- original capital of kush
- characteristics for examining African tribes
- size, size of settlement unit, descent patterns, political organization, family patterns, marriage patterns, mode of living, and level of tecnology
- lineage/clan
- a large unit descended from a common ancestor
- Songhay
- A West African state, centered on the bend of the Niger River, which reached its fullest extent in the sixteenth century before collapsing
- tribe
- made up of many different clans
- Swahili
- A hybrid language based on Bantu and Arabic; used extensively in East Africa. Often used to refer to the people and civilization of the East African coast
- Nubia
- modern southern Egypt and northern Sudan
- napata
- second capital of kush
- zimbabwes
- courts and burial places for royal clan members
- Kumbi Saleh
- capital town of Ghana
- madrasa
- university; mansa sulayman (successor to mansa musa) set up many of these to promote academics
- Kush
- kingdom in northeast Africa that had close relations with Egypt for several centuries in the pre-Christian epoch
- jihad
- a holy war undertaken by Muslims against unbelievers; one of the reasons for the decline of Ghana
- deserts
- Sahara is the chief desert but not the only one
- Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
- an account that described Arab and Greco-roman trade for ivory and tortoise shell with an East African town called Rhapta
- Iban Kaldun
- wrote about the great empires of the west
- sahel
- dry, mainly treeless steppes (semiarid grass-covered plains between the desert and the savanna) that cross Africa from the Atlantic to the Indian Oceans
- Khoisan
- "bushmen" earliest inhabitants of southern Africa; had a language completely different than the Bantus
- the Sharia
- a written law code that helped facilitate commerce
- rain forest
- extends on either side of the equator in the west and center
- meroe
- last capital of kush
- Askia Mohammad
- greatest king of Songhay
- Mali
- the west african empire that was the successor to Ghana in the 1300s and 1400s
- regalia
- symbols of office that surrounded the kings
- Great Zimbabwe
- the stone city that was built several hundred years ago; the first white explorers refused to believe it was built by black Africans and later proved wrong; chief center of early settled life in southern Africa
- Dhow
- ships the Swahili people used to go over to Asia for trade
- savanna
- the grassland regions of the interior plateaus, mainly south of the Sahara Desert and in East and Central Africa
- patrilineal descent
- descent and rights were determined by the father's lineage
- ulama
- muslim scholars; muhammad gave them many important positions in government
- Pygmies
- inhabitants of the rainforest; hunter gatherers; bantu people-small in physical stature
- Sonni Ali
- founded the last of the three great empires of West Africa, Songhay
- Soninke
- tribe that established the great empire of ghana
- Bantu
- a language group in which most Africans speak
- al-bakri
- muslim geographer who spent much time describing kumbi saleh in the eleventh century
- Mansa(King) Musa
- King of Mali; converted to Islam and made a pilgrimage to Mecca(holy land) with so much gold it changed the economy of so many places (esp. Cairo)
- Kilwa
- most prevelent and important trading town in the swahili city-states
- Ghana
- first kingdom of the western sudanese kingdoms
- Iban Batuta
- Moroccan explorer who wrote a first person historical account about the Swahili coast
- Axum
- one of the earliest empires of northeast Africa; first places that Christian missionaries went to in Roman times and remained Christian until the 1st and 2nd centuries
- Berbers
- desert raveling tribe of North Africa; started the trans Saharan trade routes