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- cytoplasm
- fluid-filled region between nucleus and plasma membrane (interior)
- granum (plural: grana)
- chloroplast's solar power packs--where chlorophyll trap solar energy
- peroxisomes
- neutralize free radicals
- capsule
- a sticky outer coat for some prokaryotes
- plasmodesmata
- channels between adjacent plant cells tat form a circulatory and communication system connecting the cells in plant tissues
- tight junctions
- bind cells very tightly together, forming a a leakproof sheet
- central vacuole
- functions as a large lysosome in the general maintenance of a plant cell
- chromatin
- very long protein fibers that the nucleus is attached to
- nucleoid region
- DNA of a prokaryotic cell is coiled into this
- scanning electron microscope (SEM)
- microscope used to study the detailed architecture of cell surfaces
- Golgi apparatus
- finishes, sorts, and ships cell products
- endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- extensive network of flattened sacs and tubes in the cell
- prokaryotic cells
- what consists of bacteria and archea
- extracellular matrix
- sticky layer of glycoproteins that helps hold cells together in tissues
- chloroplasts
- photosynthesizing organelles of all photosynthetic eukaryotes
- lysosomes
- digestive compartments within a cell, can break down molecules
- glycoprotein
- sugars linked to polypeptide making this sugar-protein molecule
- microfilaments
- actin filaments, solid rods made of globular proteins called actin arranged in a twisted double chain
- cristae
- folds of inner membrane that make ATP
- cellular metabolism
- chemical activities of a cell
- electron microscope (EM)
- microscope that uses a beam of electrons
- micrographs
- photograph taken through a microscrope
- intermediate filaments
- varied group of fibrous proteins rather than globular and have a rope-like structure
- cell wall
- this is fairly rigid and is outside the plasma membrane of most prokaryotes
- cytoskeleton
- meshwork of protein fibers in eukaryotic cells
- smooth ER
- network of interconnected tubules that lack attached ribosomes
- chromosome
- each fiber of a chromatin
- plasma membrane
- cells are bounded by these
- endomembrane system
- how the organelles are connected/work together
- mitochondria
- organelles tat carry out cellular respiration in nearly all eukaryotic cells--they harvest chem energy from food
- organelles
- structures in a cell with a specific function
- basal body
- anchoring structure that the microtubule assembly extends to. It has a pattern of nine microtubule triplets
- vesicles
- sacs made of cell membrane
- mitochondrial matrix
- inner membrane of eukaryotic cell mitochondria contains this fluid
- anchoring junctions
- rivet cells together with cytoskeletal fibers, to form strong sheets
- ribosomes
- tiny structures that make proteins according to instructions from the genes
- resolution
- a measure of the clarity of an image
- gap junctions
- channels similar in function to plasmodesmata of plants--allowing molecules to flow between cells
- transport vesicle
- when the molecule is ready for export from the ER, the ER packages it in this
- protein synthesis
- one of the major functions of the cell
- nuclear envelope
- double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus
- pili
- short projections that help prokaryotes attach to surfaces
- nucleolus
- building blocks of ribosomes are produced here and exit the nucleus via the pores
- light microscrope (LM)
- microscope that passes visible light through a specimen
- rough ER
- makes membranes and proteins in the cell
- cilia
- locomotor appendages that ropel protists, such as paramecium
- intermembrane space
- one of two mitochondrion compartments with fluid (not the one with matrix)
- transmission electron microscope (TEM)
- used to study the details of internal cell structure. Specimens cut & stained with heavy atoms
- cell theory
- statement that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells
- eukaryotic cells
- what all other forms of life consist of, except for bacteria and archea
- vacuoles
- membranous sacs, larger than vesicles, that belong to the endomembrane system
- flagella
- longer, generally less numerous appendages on protists, such as sperm
- microtubules
- straight, hollow tubes composed of globular proteins called tubulins