Astronomy
Terms
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- Saturn important moons
- Titan, Rhea, Dione, Minas, Enceladus, Iapetus, Phoebe, Hyperion
- net force
- combination of all forces
- Saturns internal heat source
- Helium Rain
- revolution
- orbital motion about a point, a didtinguished axial rotation
- what is the milky way
- our local galaxy
- zodiac
- constellations lying along the ecliptic
- solstice
- when the sun is at its greatest distance from the planets
- air resistence
- Friction, or drag
- constellation
- groups of stars that form patterns up in the sky
- terminal velocity
- Terminal speed together with the direction of motion ( down for falling objects.)
- constellations
- groups of stars
- tides
- the rise and fall of the oceans sea level
- which phase of the moon is first to be seen
- waxing cresent
- what does the doppler shift of spectral lines from galaxies indicate
- galaxies are all moving away from a central point
- mass
- amount of inertia; not volume; not weight
- what is an ecliptic
- plane of our solar system
- ecliptic
- the sun's yearly path around the celestial sphere
- celestial sphere
- stars are attached to this
- sidereal year
- the time required for Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun, relative to the stars
- A.U.
- a unit of length equal to the mean distance of the earth from the sun
- which class of stars includes the sun
- g stars
- sun
- a massive medium tempature star providing warmth and light to the earth and other planets
- weight
- measurement of force
- visible light
- the light you can see
- lunar eclipse
- occurs when the moon enters Earth's shadow
- triangulation
- used to determine the distance to faraway object
- rotation
- the act or process of turning a center axial
- What is interstellar reddening
- Shorter wavelengths are scattered more easily than longer wavelengths, the redder photons are more likely to make it through the cloud.
- Differential Roatation
- When a planet roatates at different rates
- light years
- the distance that light trasvels in a year
- what motion occurs during a siderial day
- earth rotates 360degrees
- sirius has
- the greatest apparent magitude
- inversely
- When 2 values change in opposite directions, so that if it is doubled the other is reduced to .5
- precession
- the slow wobble of Earth's axis due to the influence of the moon
- sidereal day
- time between successive risings of any given star
- What causes Neutron stars and its three predicted properties
- Hot surface, Rapid Spin, Powerful Magnetic Field.
- sidereal month
- amount of time taken for the moon to return to the same position in the sky, relative to the stars
- universe
- everything known or supposed objects and phenomena through out space
- who believed in the geocentric theory
- tycho brahe of denmark
- electromagnetic radiation
- energy that can travel through space in the form of waves
- solar eclipse
- occurs when the moon passes between Earth and the Sun, so that a small part of the Earth's surface is plunged into shadow
- terrestrail
- closest to Sun, few Moons, small diameter, thin atmoshpere, high density interior, composed principally of iron, oxygen, silica, magnesium, Asteroid Belt separates terrestrial from Jovian Planets.
- black holes
- a gravitational field so strong even light cant escape it
- who recognized that spiral nebulae are really galaxies
- edwin hubble
- annular eclipse
- if the moon happens to be too far from Earth for its disk to completely hide the sun
- universe
- totality of all space, time, matter, and energy
- law of inertia
- Every body continues in its state of rest, or of motion in a straight line at constant speed
- 1st Law of Motion
- An object in motion stays in motion until a force makes it stop. An object at rest stays at rest until a force makes it move
- Know what white dwarfs are
- The remains of medium mass stars.
- by what means can astronomers gather info about stars
- they measure the difference between modern and ancient star maps they analyze all the electromagnetic radiation recieved from a star
- synodic month
- time between successive full moons
- formulas
- pythagorean theorm; Acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s; weight = mg
- if a star is born from what does it come form
- collapsing nebulae should form two stars
- seasons
- occur because the Earth's axis is inclinded to the plane of the ecliptic
- in what area can the sun be seen directly overhead?
- the tropics
- supergiants
- a starof huge size & light
- axis
- a straight line which an object rotates on
- meridian
- noon occurs when the sun crosses the
- formulas(2nd law)
- F=ma; P=f/a
- wavelength
- the distance between the crest of one wave and of the crest on the next wave
- umbra
- the entire Sun is obscured, solar eclipse is total
- what latitude indicates earths tilt on its axis
- trop of cancer/capricorn and the antartic circle
- star
- balls of gas held together by its own gravity
- where do u look to observe zodiac constellation
- toward the ecliptic plane
- earths revolution causes
- stellar parallax
- Be familiar with the process of how and why stars expand into giants in the last 10% of their lifecycle explained in the text and class
- Helium accumulates at core, helium core converts gravitational energy to heat and ignites surrounding shell of hydrogen, hydrogen fusion shell expands outward and swells the star into a red giant.
- gravity
- the force of attraction
- Newton
- unit of force
- penumbra
- partial solar eclipse
- solar eclispe
- when moons shadow on earth. when the moon is between the earth and the sun
- Big Bang Theory
- an explosion form a single piont forming the univirse
- Newton's Second Law
- The harder you push/pull on an object, the more it will accelerate. The more massive an object is, the less it will accelerate.
- vernal and autumnal equinoxes
- Earth's axis of rotation is perpendicular to the line joining Earth to the Sun, so day and night are equal length
- force
- any push or pull; SI unit of force = weight
- support force
- Force that completely balances the weight of an object at rest
- parallax
- apparent motion of a foreground object relative to a distance backgroun as the observer's position changes
- celestial poles
- points where Earth's axis of rotation intersects the celestial sphere are the north and south
- Know the mass range of medium mass stars
- .4 to 4 solar masses.
- polaris is
- directly above the north pole
- What is a protostars and what are the steps in which it becomes a star
- An object that will eventually become a star, center is warmed slowing contraction, hydrogen fusion begins, gas and dust blown away.
- nebula
- numerous clouds of dust and gas in space when a star is born
- friction
- force that acts between objects
- winter solstice
- sun is lowest in the sky, and the day is shortest
- solar system
- the sun and planets together
- lunar eclispe
- earths shadow on the moon and sun
- orbit
- an elliptical path around the planets
- equilibrium
- when net force = 0
- summer solstice
- sun is highest in the sky, and length of day is the greatest
- Know what planetary nebulae are
- The outer envelope gasses expelled by a dying star, glow due to ionization from hot core.
- solar day
- time from one noon to the next
- comic distance scale
- family of distance measurement techniques by which astronomers chart the universe
- light year
- the distance traveled by a beam of light in 1 year
- normal force
- For an object resting on a horizontal surface, the upward force that balances the weight of the object
- satellite
- advice that is launched into an orbit around earth
- What are the three types of energy transport and which one are important in stars
- Conduction, (convection, radiation).
- celestial equator
- line where Earth's equatorial plane cuts the celestial sphere
- astronomy
- study of the universe
- What are the four ways that star producing shock waves are produced
- Supernova explosions, birth of very hot (o and b) stars, cloud collisions, spiral arms of galaxy.
- spectrum
- the range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation
- galaxy
- a very large group of stars and planets, gas and dust that are held together by their own galaxy
- inertia
- The reluctance of any body to change its state of motion