Vocab - Exam 2 - Arc 318k
Terms
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- Corvee
- System of Labor
- Pendative dome
- (X) An architectural constructive device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room or an elliptical dome over a rectangular room.
- Forum
- Huge public space. A public civic and commercial square in ancient rome. It was usually surrounded by a colonnade and included a basilica and temple
- circus
- for horse race, made with a semi circular shape on each end and the rest rectangle/an ancient roman roofless enclosure, oblong in shape, with on staight end, and with tiers of seats along both sides and at the other end which was curved.
- cancha
- Quri Kancha meaning 'Golden Courtyard'), originally named Inti Kancha (' Temple of the Sun') was the most important temple in the Inca Empire, dedicated primarily to Inti, the Sun God.
- insula
- an ancient roman apt block. housing on top, commercial a the bottom types of building.
- Tuscan Order
- ...
- Hernan Cortes
- was a Spanish conquistador who initiated the conquest of the Aztec Empire. He was the first one to began the Spanish Conquest of the Natives in Central America
- barrel vault
- continuous, semicircular vault that extends in a straight line(tunnel vault)
- Caldarium
- the hot water room in an ancient roman bath (110C)
- Drum
- A circular or polygonal vertical wall that supports a dome
- Nave
- The middle part of the western arm extending from the entrance to the crossing and flanked b y aisles
- Torana
- type of gateway seen in Hindu and Buddhist architecture. Toranas are associated with stupas like the Great Stupa in Sanchi.
- Pendentive
- A curving triangular surface or spandrels at the corners of a aquare or polygonal room that makes a transition from the room shape to a circular dome or it drum
- amphora
- (X) Greek - A type of ceramic vase with two handles and a long neck narrower than the body
- Visogoths
- a Germanic people also ruled some parts of Spain.
- finial
- an ornament that tops a pinnacle spire..usually pointed and decorated with stylized foliage/(top sculpture on a vault)
- Iconoclastic Controversy
- (X) Something to do with the forbidding of Icons, paintings of God and things that people can worship. Like sculptures and stuff.
- Bay
- Repeated units of a construction system. A regularly repeated spatila unit of a building or wall as defined by vaults, windows, orders, or other prominent vertical features
- Pradakshina
- meaning circumambulation, consists of walking around in a 'circle' as a form of worship in Hindu ceremonies in India
- False Pendentives
- ....
- annular vault
- continuous, semicircular vault in the shape of a ring
- Quincunx
- $ towers on outside and 1 in the middle
- Dome on pendentice
- .....
- keystone
- The central wedge shaped stone (voussoir) in an arch
- baray
- canals (could be symbolic or used for irrigation)
- arch
- Invented by Romans to span bigger spaces in construction
- pseudo peripteal
- a building with free standing columns along its front and engaged columns along its back and sides
- quincunx plan
- 4 towers on outside and 1 in middle
- Sikhara
- Hindu version of stuppa, bursts off the roof
- bath
- usually located by springs
- Torii
- is a traditional Japanese gate commonly found at the entry to a Shinto shrine
- Baluster
- small posts
- concrete
- a roman invention. Artificial stone made of a mixture of specific proportions of cement, water, and aggregate(crushed stone and sand)
- Mortise and Tenon
- (x) Japanese arch detailed pieces that exactly fit together to form of joint. A wood joining method in which a projecting tongue (tenon) of one member is fitted into a hole mortise) of corresponding shape in another member.
- Crossing
- In a church with a cross-Shaped plan the space where the arms of the cross intersect
- pozzolana
- ash, is a fine, sandy volcanic ash, originally discovered and dug in Italy at Pozzuoli / Part of the mixture in Roman Concrete
- Truss
- Lighter construction systems. A rigid framework made up of small triangluar members and designed to span an opening
- Majolica
- ceramics from Renaissance Italy with an opaque, white glaze containing tin oxide, usually painted in several colors,
- Stupa
- A buddhist memorial mound that enshrines relics or marks a sacred site/round hemispherical mound
- Broken Pediment
- has a gap at its apex or at its base
- string course
- a projection horizontal band across an exterior wall of a building (ex pantheon) [gives a fake division]
- Double Shell
- ...
- Ang
- Cantilever, supports part of the roofing system (X)
- Intihuatana
- the Temple of the Sun the Primary building in Machu Picchu
- Titulus
- 1st house church collective worship begun in homes - early form of roman church
- Voussoir
- a wedge shaped block that is one of the units in an arch or vault (stone in arch)
- Hypocaust
- An ancient Roman central heating system using hot air ducts in the floors of the building. Space under the floor where water is heated
- oculus
- eye, hole in ceiling (example pantheon)/rounded windows often in a roof
- Balstrade
- A railing supported by a series of small posts or balusters/(long columns surrounding stuppa)
- Narthex
- The narthex of a church is the entrance or lobby area, located at the end of the nave, at the far end from the church's main altar
- tepidarium
- the moderately warm room in ancient roman baths.
- coffer
- square recess in wall, to lighten the weight/a sunken square or polygonal decoration panel in a veiling of within an arch
- Sapa Inca
- The God Emperor of the Inca Empire "The Only Inca" The Last Ruler of the Incas
- Pictureseq massing and compostion
- (X) Building as a mass about balance tension planned composition
- Greek Cross Octagon Plan
- ....
- Vestibule
- an anteroom to a larder hall. entry way
- Choir
- (X) Where the alter it, where transept and have cross with alter and crossing.
- Vihara
- An Indian Buddhist Monastery/(Residence Hall)
- dome
- 360 degree arch/a cones roof of even curvatures on a circular of polygonal base(drum) It can be semicircular, pointed or bulbous
- Squinch
- Small arch or a series of gradually wider and projecting concentric arches across the interior corners of a square or polygonal room forming a transition from the room shape to ca circular dome or drum above
- Shinto
- (x) is the native religion of Japan and was once its state religion
- Castrum
- An Ancient Roman walled military camp with gridded rectangular layout, later a castle, fort, or fortified town
- Gabled Roof
- (x) Roofs classified by the straight slope falling from ridge to eave, creating a peak or triangle on the side or front facade.
- Hipped Roof
- A pitched roof with gable ends that slope back. (Curved roof on sides)
- Centrally Planned
- (X) Martyrium
- Tablinum
- In an ancient Roman house, a room with one side open to the central courtyard or atrium/ common living area in a house
- palaestra
- the ancient Greek wrestling school.the ancient Greek wrestling school.
- revetment
- A wall facing or veneer of stone, terra-cotta, metal, wood, or other material
- Atrium
- The main inner hall of a roman house with an open roof and a ventral basin to catch rainwater/(with vestibule and tapunium - open air space in the house)
- Exedra
- a semicircular or rectangular recess, usually seats or a bench and sometimes roofed/(round semi circular space extending square area)
- basilica
- most adapted buildings toward church, the form of a early Christian church, oblong with a high cleastoried nave ending in a apse, flanked by 2 lower ailes and covered with a timber roof used to be a meeting hall in ancient rome)
- groin vault
- (cross vault), formed by the right angle intersection of 2 barrel vaults of the same shape( intersecting barrel vaults).
- frigidarium
- the room with a cold water pool in ancient roman baths/ coolest bath
- vault
- series of arches that would create a semi-circular space
- Cross in Square Plan
- A Byzantine Church plan based on a square divided into 9 bays. The center bay is a large domed square, the 4 corners bays are small domed or groin vaulted squares, the remaining 4 bays are barrel-vaulted rectangles
- Martyrium
- Building erected over a site that witnessed events in the life of Christ or his followers, or where the relics of a Christian martyr as deposited.
- Nazca Culture
- They created the famous Nazca lines and built an impressive system of underground aqueducts that still function today.
- Vastuvidya
- namation outside a building (plan according to cosmologically significance)
- Hippodrome
- Oblong form stadium (Roman Horse Race) with one curved end - an acient roman enclosed garden of the same shape
- Exonarthex
- The space anterior to the narthex of a church, sometimes roofed-over as with a porch, but more often an enclosed courtyard; in antiquity, the courtyard where catechumens were permitted to be close to the Eucharist, but forbidden to see it celebrated.
- apodyterium
- changing room
- Terra cotta
- tiles what they used at first to build churches
- Companile
- Bell tower (was an independent building)
- aisle
- on the sides for the catechumens (non faithfuls but interested) to the nave separated from it by arches
- Catacombs
- Underground burial like a gallery grave/ underground system of passages used as a cemetery
- Toltec
- An ancient civilization of Mexico.
- Pulpit
- where the preacher stands
- Basilica
- Any public building generally located in the forum/In ancient roman arch, a large meeting hall often oblong in plan with a high central space lit by clerestory windows.
- Composite Order
- Corinthian and ionic
- Tatami
- A straw floor mat used in Japaneses architecture (majaus dimension configuration mat room dimensions)
- Pagoda
- Multi tiered building for religious purposes/ A multistories Chinese or Japaneses tower with elaborately projecting roofs at each story / general term in the English language for a tiered tower with multiple eaves common in China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and other parts of Asia
- Pictureseq
- An aesthetic quality characterized by irregularity asymmetry, ruggedness, and a variety of texture and form
- ambulatroy
- walkway with balustrade and stuppa / A processional passage way around a shrine
- Gallery
- an upper story open on 1 side to a buildings main interior space of to the exterior in a church it runs above an aisle opens on to the nave.
- Pilaster
- A shallow flattened rectangular column of pier attached to a wall. (Often modeled on a order) Squared column attached to a wall doesn't carry any weight
- Transept
- Crosses the nave (create latin cross plan)
- Pyramidal roof
- A hipped roof that forms a pyramid shape.
- Minaret
- A tall slender tower of a mosque from which the faithful are called for prayer
- Mihrad
- Small niche on the gibla wall serves as a designation of the gibla wall.
- Roman Concrete
- Ingredients consist of Line Sand, Water, and Pozzolana
- Chaitya
- Interior space for prayer. and Indian buddhist cave temple or shrine carved our o hillside, aisled and often richly decorated with sculpture
- Cantilever
- Part that goes past the structures (part that projects beyond its supporting wall or column.)
- arcade
- sequence of arches
- Atrium
- vestibule the colonnaded forecourt of Christian church
- Latin Cross
- Early Christians church plan a cross with 1 arm longer than the other 3
- Gong
- Bracket arm curving L Supports another capitol
- Pier
- vertical support often rectangular or square in plan
- Greek Cross Plan
- A cross with 4 arms of equal length plan
- Onion Dome
- Bulbous dome with a pointed top
- Plinth
- Huge platform
- Half-Gabled Roof
- ....
- volume
- the amount of space occupied by a 3d object
- Gibla
- Wall directed toward mecca or Jerusalem(the direction of prayer in the beginning of Islam)
- Dougong Bracket System
- voir ciche. extends the roof distances well out from vertical support flexible roofing system
- Battlement
- A low guarding wall or parapet with alternating depressed opening (embrasures or cienels) and solid parts (merlons)
- Apse
- A vaulted, semicircular or semi polygonal wall recess of extension of a hall such as on the short side of an ancient Roman basilica or at the scanturary end of a chistian church
- Purlin
- (X) Cylindrical Beams (under roof of Chinese built)
- Catechumens
- The non faithfuls but interested stand in the aisles
- Gopuram
- Gate for hindu temples
- atalates
- ...
- Cienellated
- A patten of repeated depressed opening in a fortification wall (example the great wall of china)
- Spandrel
- (X) Space in with 2 arches on bridge(empty space). triangular area with the sides of 2 adjacent arches and the line across their tops