Dairy cattle/mammary
Terms
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- Guernsey
- cow with fawn to golden color and some white but no black, number 3 breed in the US (number 2 in WI) medium size, milk yield, and milk solids, yellow cast to milk
- oxytocin
- hormone from pituitary gland which triggers milk letdown
- myoepithelial cells
- Oxytocin triggers these tiny muscles to contract and alveolus "implodes" and milk expressed in duct system at milk letdown
- dry period
- a keratin plug seals the canal
- crossbred dairy cattle
- not very common because milk yield does not respond to hybrid vigor 1. hardier, more disease, resistant calves, 2. better fertility and calving ease, 3. better tolerance to heat, 4. greater longevity, 5. higher %'s of milk solids
- Brown swiss
- light to dark brown cow, large size, best feet and legs developed for climbing in the mountains, docile/slow moving, medium in milk yield and solids%
- streak canal
- opening for milk to exit and bacteria to enter. pre and post teat dip to decrease mastitis
- Milking shorthorn
- youngest dairy breed, offshoot of beef breed, origionally "dual purpose", medium in all traits
- teat cistern
- emty interior, holds 1-2 oz milk,, The connector between the gland cistern and the streak canal
- inguinal
- something located between the hind legs
- Ayrshire
- red and white cow, medium size, milk yield, and solids %
- Casein
- a protein for growth and development which is higher in species with fast growing rate
- fat %
- most variable milk composition trait between species. provides energy for the offspring. greater in cold climates
- ductal system
- large ducts branching into smaller ducts
- epithelial cells
- "lactating cells" make the milk, skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs
- Holstein
- number one cow in the US 90+%, highest milk yield with the lowest milk solids
- gland cistern
- Stores milk that has been produced in the alveoli, holds 4-8 oz of milk
- lactose
- milk sugar. least variable milk composition trait between species
- Bovine somatotropin
- used on 20/25% of US cows since 1990's, good care increases yield by 10/15%, more nutrients are encouraged to go into the milk reather than stored as body fat
- alveolus
- at the end of the tiniest ducts, milk making structure of mammary system of any species
- Americanization
- bred strictly for milk, 20% of US beef
- Jersey
- smallest size with low milk yield but high milk solids , number 2 breed in the US
- mammary gland
- an exocrine gland which secretes milk
- disadvantages of crossbreeding
- 1. lower milk yield vs. holsteins, 2. lack of herd university, 3. harder to make mating decisions following 1st generation cross
- lumen
- where milk collects (80% of milk in alvioli), free space in a blood vessel or something that is bordered by epithelium