Agriculture
Terms
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- second agricultural revolution
- dovetailing with and benefiting from the Industrial Revolution, improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce
- quinary economic activity
- service sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge skill (scientific research, high-level management)
- green revolution
- the recently successful dvelopment of higheryield, fast-growing varieties of rice and other cereals in certain developing countries, which led to increased production per unit area and a dramatic narrowing of the gap between population growth and food needs
- organic agriculture
- approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicieds, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs
- subsistence agriculture
- self-suffecient agriculture that is small scale and low technology and emphasizes food production for local consumption, not for scale (grow enought food to survive)
- climatic regions
- areas with similar climatic charaterestics
- animal domestication
- genetic modifiction of an animal such that it is rendered more amenable to human control
- slash-and-burn agriculture
- controlled use of fire, type of shifting cultivation
- livestock ranching
- the raising of domesticated animals for the produciton of meat and byproducts (leather, wool)
- mediterranean agriculture
- specialized farming that occurs only in areas where the dry-summer Mediterranean climate prevails (parts of California, Oregon, Central Chile, south Africa's Cape, parts of SW and S Australia
- shifting cultivation
- cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which the forest vegitation has been removed by cutting and burning
- primary economic activity
- economic activity concerned with the direct extraction of natural resources from the environment
- seed crops
- plants that are reproduced by cultivating seeds
- tertiary economic activity
- economic activity associated with the provision fo services (transportation, banking, retailing, education, routine, office-based jobs)
- von Thünen model
- a model that explaines the location of agriculture activities in a commercial profit-making economy
- agriculture
- the purposeful tending of crops and livestock in order to produce food and fiber
- luxury crop
- non-subsistence crops
- township-and-range system
- a rectangulare land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperese settlers evenly across farmlands of the US interior
- Köppen climate classification system
- a system for classifying the world's climates on the basis of temperture and precipitation
- plantation agriculture
- produciton system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop
- rectangulare survey system
- aka public land survey, used by the US Land Office Survey to parcel land west of the Appalachian Mountians (adopted after the American Revolution)
- plant domestication
- genetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention
- quaternary economic activity
- service sector industires concerned with the collection processing, and manipuation of information and capital (finance, administration, insurance, legal services)
- secondary economic activty
- economic activity involving the processing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products
- metes and bounds survey
- a system fo land surveying east of the Appalachain Mountians, relies of description o fland ownership and natural features such aas streams or trees
- longlot survey system
- distinct regional approach to land surveying found in the Canadian Maritimes, parts of Quebec, Luisiana, and Texas whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals
- primogeniture
- all land passes to the oldest son (parcels tend to be larger and farmers work a single plot of land
- agribusiness
- an encompassing term for the business that provide a vast array of goods and services to support the agricultural industry
- first agricultural revolution
- dating back 10,000 years, achieved plant domestication and animal domestication
- root crops
- crops that are reproduced by cultivation either the roots or cuttings from the plants
- monoculture
- dependence on a single agricultural commodity
- third agricultural revolution
- currently in progress, development of genetically modified organisms
- commercial agriculture
- term used to describe large scale farming and ranching operations that employ vast land bases, large mechanized equipment, factory-type labor fores, and the latest technoloty
- geneticalls modified organishms
- crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods