Earth-Space Final 1
Study Guide for Earth-Space first semester final
Terms
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- fracture
- any break or rupture in a rock along which no movement has taken place
- Wegner
- who proposed the theory of continental drift
- weathering
- disintergration and decompostition of rock at or near earths surface
- apart
- in what direction do divergent boundaries move?
- conservation
- the careful use fo resources
- graben
- valley formed by the downward displacement of a fault bounded block
- orogenesis
- process that collectivly results in the formation of mountians
- erosion
- incorperation and transportation of material by a mobil agent such as water wind or ice
- plutons
- intrusive igneous structure that results from cooling and hardening of magma beneath earths surface
- Lines of latitude
- distance north or south of equator, measured in degrees, measure the distance North or South of the Equator.
- focus
- the point inside the the Earth where an earthquake begins
- fossil fuels
- general term for any hydrocarbon that may be used as a fuel including coal oil and natural gas
- Plate Tectonics
- theory that proposes that earths outer shell consistes of individual plates that interact in various ways
- 200 million years ago
- when did pangea break up
- uranium
- most common fuel used by nucler power plants
- zone of saturation
- zone where all open spaces in sediment and rock are compleatly filled with water
- what powers the formation of igneous rocks?
- intrusive: when mogma hardens beneath earths surface extrusive: lava hardens
- mudflow
- quickly moving downhill flow of soil and rock fragments containting a large amount of water
- together
- in what direction do convergent boundaries move?
- moho
- boundary seperating the crust from the mantle discernable by an increase in the velocity os seismic waves
- topsoil
- a horizion in soil profiles
- caldera
- large depression typically caused by collapse or ejection of the summit area of a volcano
- How do dikes form?
- when magme froma large magma chamber invades fractures in the surrounding rocks
- moment magnitude scale
- a scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake better than a richter scale
- igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
- what are the 3 major types of rocks?
- crystalization
- What process forms minerals that form from magma?
- anticline
- fold in sedimentary strata resembling an arch
- how does hydroelectric power produce electricity?
- the power generated by falling water
- study of earth
- What topins would physical geology cover?
- hot spot
- unusually hot region of the mantle which causes rock to melt, rise, and form a volcano
- lithosphere
- rigid outer layer fo earth located just below the crust
- topographic
- What type of maps show earth in three dimensions?
- proportions of different particle sizes
- what determines soil texture
- epicenter
- the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus or orgin of an earthquake
- helped protect drinking sources
- what type of pollution did the clean water act succed in limiting?
- karst topography
- area that has a land surface or toppography w/ numerous depressions and sinkholes
- sun and earths interior
- what powers the water cycyle
- slump
- downward slipping of a mass of rock or unconsolidated moving as a unit toward a curved surface
- hydrosphere
- What is the water sphere of the earth called?
- streak
- the color of a mineral in powdered form
- no
- do all large faults produce destructive earthquakes?
- global warming
- increase in average temperatures of earth and atmosphere dur in part to increased carbon dioxide levals
- antartica
- what is the largest ice sheet on earth
- travertine (a type of limestone)
- what type of rock is common in the development of caves
- What do contour lines indicate on a topographic map?
- Indicates elavetion, every point along countour line has the same elavation