Horticulture
Terms
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- The science and technology of growing and raising plants and animals
- Agriculture
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Areas of Agriculture
1
2
3 -
Forestry
Agronomy
Horticulture - Forestry
- the science and technology of culturing, utilizing and improving forest trees and their products
- Agronomy
- the science and technology of culturing, utilizing and improving field crops
- Horticulture
- the science, technology and art of culturing, utilizing, and improving, fruit, vegetable, flowering and ornamental plants
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Areas of Horticulture
1
2
3
4 -
Olericulture
Pomology
Ornamental Hort
Turf -
Olericulture?
Pomology?
Turf? -
0-vegetable culture and production
P-fruit and nut culture and production
T-grasses for lawns -
Areas of Ornamental Hort
1
2
3
4 -
Floriculture
Floristry
Nursery Production
Landscape Hort -
Floriculture?
Floristry?
Nursery Production?
Landscape Hort? -
Floric-flowering and foliage plant culture and production
Floristry-floral desgin/retail
Nursery Prod-tree,shrub and vine culture and production
Lands Hort-exterior and interior design of landscapes - Organs in plants (4)
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flower (reproductive)
leaf stem root - Tissue Systems in plants (through each organ)(3)
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Dermal (outer)
vascular (veins, organs)
ground or fundamental (everything in between) - Dermal Tissue System
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protection
epidermis-single layer of cells on primary herbaceous plant parts
periderm(bark)-corky tissue on secondary plant parts - Vascular Tissue Center
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conducts nurtients throughout plant
xylem- conducts UP roots stems leaves
Phloem- conducts DOWN and UP, from sources to sinks (where needed) - Ground or Fundamental tissue system
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Storage, support
cortex-outer region of stems/roots
pith-center of stems
mesophyll-middle of leaves and flower petals - 3 basic cell type compsise most of the tissues of plants
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Parenchyma
collenchyma
sclerenchyma - Parenchyma
- thin, non lignified, filler, storage, protection, photosynthesis, simplest, type we eat, isodiametric [ ]
- collenchyma
- unevenly thickened, non lignified primary cell walls, support in growing tissues (strings in celery) longer than wide
- Animal cells lack
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cell wall
plastids - cell wall herbaceous (primary tissue)
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no lignin
kind we eat - cell wall - secondary
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lignin
xylem and schlerenchyma cells - polysaccharide
- chain of sugars
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cellulose
hemicellulose
pectin -
polysaccharides
c-forms matrix of microfibrils
h-filler between cellulose micrifibrils
p-cenemting agent high in middle lamella (chains of galacturonic acid) - lignin (also in cell wall along with polysaccharides)
- tough polymer high in secondary cell wall
- protein
- mainly structural (hydroxyproline)
- plasmalemma (plasma membrane)
- surrounds cytoplasm, selectively permeable, composed of a layer of phospholipids and proteins
- plasmodesmata
- tubular plasma membrane extensions through cell walls connect adjacent cells
- cytoplasm
- cytosol & organelles
- cytosol
- fluid portion of cytoplasm
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nucleus
-chromosome
-nucleolus
mitochondrion -
nucleus-location of DNA and some RNA
-chromo-coils of DNA
-nucleolus-ribosome synthesis
mito-respiration, power house -
plastid
-leucoplast
-chromoplast
-chloroplast -
double membrane bound bodies for storage and photosyn.
-l-colorless...amyloplast-starch storage...elaioplast-fat and oil storage
-chromo-colored plastids storage of carotenoids(orange and yellow)
-chloro-green plastids containing chlorophyll -
endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome
vacuole
-tonoplast -
ER-tubular membranes for communication site of protein and membrane synthesis
ribo-spheres of RNA protein synthesis occurs on surface
vac-storage...anthocyanins(blue red purple pigments)
-tonoplast-membrane surrounds vacuole -
golgi body (dictyosome)
microbody
microtubule -
GB-disk shaped membranes for membrane synthesis and polysaccharide synth.
microbody-membrane bound storgae bodies
microtubule-tubular rods used in mitosis and cellulose orientation in cell walls - structure of starch v cellulose
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starch - up cellulose- down
flipped glucose molecules
we can't eat cellulose bc we have no enzymes to break it down -
base pairing of nucleic acids
DNA
RNA -
AT
GC
AU
GC -
gene
protein
enzyme -
g-length of DNA
p-polymer or chain of amino acids
e-protein that acts as a metabolic catalyst(workers canonly do 1 simple task) - sequence of amino acids determines
- shape. sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines sequence of necleotides in RNA and determines the sequence of amino acids in protein which determines what kind of enzyme it is(what kind of work it does)
- Each gene contains insctructions on how to build
- 1 enzyme
- GMO
- genetically modified organism (tomato)