Geography Test 1 (Part 1)
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- geos
- Earth
- Geography
- Study of the earth as an integrated system
- Lithosphere
- The solid shell of rocks forming the Earth's climate, floats on top of semi-liquid asthenosphere
- crust
- Outermost layer of lithosphere
- Plate tectonics
- Powered from radioactivity in the Earth's core
- Weather
- Short-term
- Climate
- Long-term
- Atmospheric circulation
- Driven by Solar-heating (Convection)
- Charles Tilly
- The state provided protection (Mafia)
- The State
- May be highly self-serving/elite dominated or relatively responsive to needs of population. Maintains internal order, keeps out enemies. Recognized by other states as legitimate and vice versa
- Boundaries
- Limits, lines of separation- these define smuggling and contraband, often these spaces are expressions of territorial strategies
- Capitals
- Control centers- nodes or spaces for diplomatic activities, unique landscapes
- Frontiers
- Unintegrated spaces, zones of conflict, outward extensions
- Nation
- Group of people with common culture, identity, or homeland
- Nation state
- State that claims to represent one nation and territorial "homeland"
- Mythology
- State springs organically out of nation
- Reality
- Nations are largely invented by states
- Where do regions come from
- Largely from the wreckage of empires that spread enduring common culture over a large area
- Where do regions come from
- Historical layering process, empires, trade routes, religions, languages and social systems develop around eachother in repeated cycles of integration and collapse
- Where do regions come from
- Left behind cultural residue
- Population distribution
- Traditionally follows agricultural productivity. People increasingly gravitate towards centers of economic activity
- Rainforests
- Usually at equator, they are dark, and absorb more solar radiation and intensifies hadley cell updraft, which means more rain
- Deserts
- Usually at subtropics, they are light and reflect more solar radiation, which intensifies the hadley cell downdraft. Which means less rain
- Peak everything
- Non-renewable resources become harder and harder to produce, the price becomes extremely high, and the demand drops
- The Green Revolution
- Massive expansion in global food production between late 1960's and 1980's, made possible by breeding new strands of wheat and corn
- Erosion
- Associated with Mechanization
- Salinization
- Associated with Irrigation
- John Malthus
- The power of population is so superior to the power in the earth to produce substinence for man, that premature death must in some shape or other visit the human race
- Karl Marx
- Technological progress overcomes all natural constraints, poverty and suffering are necessary to support the wealth of minority of the population
- Globalization
- The interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental, political and cultural change
- Differences in wealth and technology Europe and Asia
- There were none, but Chinese products were in demand all over the world,
- Why did Europe take over the economy and not China
- Chinese did not explore after one trip yielded nothing significant
- Why did Europe take over the economy and not China
- Intense military competition between numerous states
- Why did Europe take over the economy and not China
- Monarchs promoted development of cities to serve as centers of trade and manufacturing and could not tax the poor
- Why did Europe take over the economy and not China
- North Atlantic had terrible water, so shipbuilding was focused on, and then was used for exploration to Asia/Americas where trade networks evolved
- International division of labor
- Core economies establish monopilistic position in high value trading and manufacturing activities. Protect and subsidize national indistries, use manipulative trading strategies to destroy foreign competitors. Establish colonies.
- Consolidate national economy internally
- Standardize weights and measures. Mobilize natural resources. Promote development of science and technology. Consolidate "nation-state"