Things to know
Terms
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- Health promotion
- Physical and Mental. The goal is to reduce the risk of illness. They learn warning signs and symptoms of ilness. Ill persons learn how to manage and cope with their diease
- Disease prevention
- Rick factors and early warning signs of diesase are identified. Measures are taken to reduce risk factors and prevent diease.
- Detection & treatment of disease
- This involves diagnosis tests, physical exams, surgery, emergency care, and drugs.
- Rehabilitation and restoration care
- The goal is to return persons to heir highest possible level of physical and psychological functioning.
- Acute illness
- is a sudden from which the person is expected to recover
- Chronic illness
- is an ongoing illness that is slow or gradual in onset. There is no known cure. The illness can be controlled and complications prevented
- Terminal illness
- is an illness or injury for which there is no reasonable expectation of recovery. The person will die.
- Ventilator weaning
- A person needs a mechanical ventilator to breathe. The goal is to breathe without the ventilator
- Pulmonary rehabilitation
- For example, a person has a tracheostomy. If it is temporary, the goal is for the person to breath without it. If it is permant, the person learns tracheostomy care and management.
- Wound management
- The person has a chronic wound from surgery or traume. Wound healing is the goal.
- Neurological rehabilitation
- The person had a stroke or has a nervous system disease or injury.
- Orthopedic rehabilitation
- The person had joint replacement surgery.
- Complex medical care
- The person has a complex heart, kidnet, digestive or other disorder.
- Rehabilitation and subacute care agencies
- The person's condition is stable, however - medical care, nursing care, or rehabilitation is still needed.
- Assisted Living facilities
- provides housing, personal care, support services, health care, and social activities in a homelike setting
- long term care centers
- Some persons cannot care for themselves at home. But they do not need hospital care.
- Mental Health centers
- Mental health centers are for persons with mental illnesses. Some persons do have problems dealing with life events. Others present dangers to themselves or others because of how they think and behave.
- home care agencies
- care is given in the person's home. Public health departments, private businesses and hospitals provide home care services.
- hospice
- is a health care agency or program for persons who are dying. The person and family have much control over the person's quality of life
- Skilled nursing facilities
- SNF - provide more complex care than do nursing centers. They are part of hospitals or nursing center. SNF's are for persons with health problems that do not require hospital care.
- health care systems
- agencies join together as one provider of care.
- health team
- involves staff members who work together to provide health care
- DON
- The DON is reponsible for the entire nursing staff and the care given.
- Types of Health care agencies
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hospitals
long-term care centers
home care agencies
adult day care
assisted living
board and care homes
Hospices
clinics
doctors offices
rehabilitation and subacute
centers for persons with mental illnesses
centers for persons with developement disabilities - Nursing Team
- involves the individuals who provide nursing care - RN, LPNs/LVNs and nursing assistant.
- registered nurse
- had completed a 2,3,or 4 year nursing and had passed a licensing test.
- licensed practical nurse
- has completed a 1-year nursing program and had passed a licensing test.
- functional nursing
- focuses on tasks and jobs. Each nursing team member has certain tasks and jobs to do
- team nursing
- involves a team of nursing staff led by an RN
- Patient focuses care
- is when services are moved for departmend to the bedside
- Medicare
- with Medicare each person pays a premium that is deducted from their social security check
- Medicaid
- It is an entitlement for any one who is a citizen - who is indigent, no inusrance. Children are more like to get this than the parents.
- HMO - Health Maintenance Organization
- provides health care services for a prepaid fee.
- PPO - Preferred Provider Organization
- is a group of doctors and hospitals. They provide health care at reduced rates.
- DRG
- Diagnosis related groups - help reduce Medicare and Medicaid costs.
- Managed care
- Insurers have contracts with doctors, hospitals and health care systems for reduced rates
- Staffing mix
- Hospital hire RNs, LPNs, LVNs and nursing assistants. Most hospital require state approved nursing assistant and competency eval program for employement
- Patient-focused care and cross-training
- Services are moved from the department to the bedside. Staff members are cross-trained to perform basic skills performed by other health team members.
- OBRA
- Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987.
- What is OBRA?
- Its purpose is to improve the quality of life of nursing center residents.
- Training program
- OBRA requires at least 75 hours of instruction. 16 hours of supervised practical training.
- Role limits for NA's
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Never give medication
Never insert tubes or objects into body openings
Never take oral/telephone order from Doctor
Never tell the person/family the diagnosis
Never diagnose or prescribe drugs for anyone
Never supervise other NAs
Never ignore an order or request - The right task
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Does your state allow you to do task?
Were you trained:
Do you have experience performing task?
Is the task in your job description? - The right circumstances
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Do you have experience performing the task given the persons condition and needs?
Do you understand the purpose of the task?
Can you perform the task safetly?
Do you have the equiptment to complete the task?
Do you know how to use the equipment? - The right person
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Are you comfortable performing the task?
Do you have concerns about performing the task? - The right directions and communications
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Did the nurse give clear directions?
Did you review the task with the nurse?
Do you understand what the nurse expects? - The right supervision
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Is a nurse available to answer questions?
Is a nurse available if the persons condition changes or if problems occur? - Activities Director
- Assess, plans, and implements recreational needs
- Assistive personnel
- Assist nurses in giving bedisde nursing care; supervised by a nurse
- Audiologist
- Tests hearing; prescribes hearing aids; works with hearing-impaired persons
- Cleric
- Assists with spiritual needs
- Dental hygienist
- Focuses on preventing dental disorders; supervised by a licensed dentist
- Dentist
- Prevents and treats disorders and diseases of the teeth, gums and oral structures
- Dietitian
- Assesses and plans for nutritional needs
- LPN LVN
- Provides direct nursing care
- Medical laboratory tech (MLT)
- Collects samples and performs lab test on blood, urine, and other body fluids, secretion, and excretions
- Medical records
- Maintains medical records, files reports, completes required reports
- Nurse practioner
- Works with other health care providers to plan & provide care; does physical exams, health assessments, and health education
- Occupational Therapists (OT)
- Assist persons to learn or retain skills needed to perform ADL
- OT assistant
- performs task and services supervised by an OT
- Pharmacist
- Fills drug orders written by doctors
- Physical Therapists (PT)
- Assists persons with musculoskeletal probelms; focuses on restoring functions and preventing disability
- Physician
- Diagnoses and treats diseases and injuries
- Podiatrist
- Prevents, diagnoses and treats foot disorders
- Radiographer
- Takes x-rays and processes film for viewing
- Registered Nurse (RN)
- Assesses, makes nursing diagnoses, plans, implements and evaluates nursing care
- Respiratory therapists
- Assists in treatment of lung and heart disorders; gives respiraotry treatments and therapies
- Social worker
- Helps patients, residents and families with social, emotional, and enviromental issues affecting illness and recovery.
- Speech-language pathologist
- Evaluated speech and language and treats persons with speech, voice, hearing, communication and swallowing disorders
- Private insurance
- Is bought by individuals and families. The insurance company pays for some or all health care costs.
- Group insurance
- Is bought by groups of individuals. Many employers provide health insurance for employees under group coverae.