Negaunee Soc. Exam
Terms
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- Comte, Spencer, and Durkeim all were early what?
- Sociologist
- The Soc perspective can lead to the?
- Sociological Imagination
- What major event led to the development of sociology as a field of study?
- Industrial Revolution
- The 3 theoretical perspectives in soc. are the?
- Functionalist, Interactionist, Conflict.
- This man believed the economy affects social structure.
- Karl Marx
- The founder of Sociology is?
- Auguste Comte
- The empathetic understanding of meanings others attach to their actions is called?
- Verstehen
- A systematic explanation of the relationship among phenomena is called what?
- Theory
- Studying the societal consequences of the development of computers would most likely be of interest to?
- Functionalist Sociologists
- This social science focuses on societies and examines present simple cultures.
- Anthropology
- This science studies social interaction, emphasizes group behavior, and studies human society.
- Sociology
- This social science focuses on goods and services, and examines wants and needs.
- Economics
- This is a general description, was developed by weber, and examines essential features of an aspect of society.
- Concept of ideal type
- This social science studies the past to explain current social behaviors and examines the past.
- History
- This perspective focuses on meanings individuals attach to their actions, emphasizes symbols, and studies human interaction.
- Interactionist Perspective
- This was developed by spencer, is based on a biological model, and on the concept of "survival of the fittest".
- Social Darwinism
- This social science examines voting patterns and studies government.
- Political Science
- Cooking utensils are part of:
- Material Culture
- 3 Components of culture are:
- Language, values, symbols
- Norms without great significance.
- Folkways
- Smallest unit of culture.
- Culture Trait
- Shared rules of conduct that tell you how to act.
- Norms
- Combination of a number of culture complexes into one interrelated whole is:
- Culture pattern
- Shared beliefs about what is good, bad,right, wrong, desirable, undesirable.
- Values
- Cluster of interrelated culture traits.
- Cultural complex
- Belief that cultures should be judged by their own perspective
- Cultural relativism
- Written rule of conduct enacted by govenment
- Law
- Neo-nazis, skinheads or devil worshipers are?
- Subcultures
- Norms, values, symbols, language and objects make up?
- Culture
- Physical objects of material culture.
- Artifacts
- Values are to beliefs as norms are to:
- Behaviors
- A ranked authority structure that operates according to specific rules
- Bureaucracy
- Vegtables grown in gardens make up the main substance strategy of what type of society?
- Horticulture
- Large, complex secondary group established to achieve specific goals
- Formal organization
- Breaking with past experiences and learning new values and norms
- Resocialization
- A reward or punishment given by a formal organization is called a:
- Formal Sanction
- The enforcing of norms through eitehr sanctions or internalization
- Social control
- Process by which a norm becomes a part of one's personality
- Internalization
- Spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval.
- Informal Sanction
- Commitment to the full development of one's talents and potential.
- Self-Fulfillment
- When people make a long-term conscious effort to promote or prevent social change.
- Social Movement
- Extreme Self-centeredness.
- Narcissism
- The blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture and identity.
- Assimilation
- Using existing knowledge to create something that did not previously exist.
- Invention
- These are American Values that involve right and wrong, including helping the less fortunate.
- Morality and Humanitarianism
- Values and beliefs, technology, and physical environment all can be said to cause what?
- Social Change
- These produce conflict, are vital to teh stability of society, are not upheld to the same degree for all, and DO NOT stay the same over time.
- Values
- These are American Values that are the least common source of social change, bring advances in technology and medicine, and produce the greatest change in the least amount of time.
- Wars and Conquests
- This involves the spreading of culture traits, is spread by instant communication, and is seen in the worldwide distribution of American Products.
- Diffusion
- What are the following characteristics of: satisfaction with the present, happy to maintain current life-styles, and resistance of change.
- Vested Interest
- These could include ribbons, badges, medals, praise, cheers, and are usually first experienced within the family.
- Positive Sanctions
- Vested interests, cultural lag, and ethnocentrism are all sources of what?
- Resistance to social change.
- Freedom, personal achievement, and equality are all examples of what?
- American Values
- Results because changes in material culture are accepted more quickly than nonmaterial changes, because some aspects of culture change less rapidly than other aspects, and involves resistance to change.
- Cultural Lag
- A system of statuses, roles, values and norms organized to satisfy one or more basic needs of society is called:
- Social Institution
- The smallest group possible is a:
- Dyad
- Atribution, mediation, and compromise are all examples of:
- Accomodation
- Network of interrelated statuses and roles that guides human behavior:
- Social Structure
- Competition, exchange, and accomodation are examples of:
- Social Interactionalist
- The practice of exchanging one good for another is?
- Barter
- Corresponding roles that define the pattern of interaction between related statuses are?
- Reciprocal Roles
- The basis of exchange theory is?
- Reciprocity
- Occupation is a(n)___________status.
- Achieved
- Specialization of people or groups in performance of specific economic activities is:
- Division of Labor
- Expected behavior of someone occupying a particular status.
- A role
- This theory holds that people are motivated by self-interest and their interactions with other people is called:
- Exchange Theory
- A status assigned according to standards beyond one's control is called:
- Ascribed Status
- Family members are to primary group as co-workers are to:
- Secondary Group
- Takes place when a person has difficulty meeting a role expectation of a single status:
- Role strain
- Type of society that relies on draft animals and plows to till fields is a:
- Agricultural Society
- These can be inherited, are thought by some to influence behavior patterns, and are the basis of the nature arguement concerning personality.
- Instincts
- This concept was proposed by John Locke, it involves newborn children, and means "clean slate"
- Tabula Rosa
- Military boot camps, mental hospitals, and prisons are examples of what?
- Total Institutions
- Heredity, parental characteristics, and birth order are factors taht influence what?
- Personality Development
- Peer groups, schools, and mass media are examples of what?
- Agents of Socialization
- Interactive prcoess by which we develop an image of ourselves based on whow we imagine we appear to others.
- The self looking glass
- capacity to learn a particular skill or aquire a particular way of knowledge
- Aptitude
- The transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to children
- heredity
- The rights, obligations, and expectations of a role in preparations for assuming that role at a future date
- Anticipatory Socialization
- The physical maturing that makes a person capable of sexual reproduction
- Puberty
- Living in a hostile family situation, having social and academic adjustment problems, and having friends who regularly use drugs are all associated with:
- Teenage drug use
- Under what type of dating system did men probably pay the expense of the date?
- Traditional
- Establishing personal norms and values is a characteristic of what age group"seraching for themselves"
- Adolescence
- Greatest source of pressure on teenagers probably comes from
- Their peers
- Tendencey to marry people who have the same social characteristics as you is called
- Homogamy
- Gambling, illegal drug use, and vagrancy are
- Victemless Crimes
- Theory that views deviance as the result of competition and social inequalities
- A crime syndicate
- Accepting both the cultural goals and the means of achieving these goals is called what?
- Conformity
- Sanctions used to punish criminals
- Corrections
- Situation results in a person being labeled as deviant and accepting that label
- Secondary Deviance
- Theory that suggests that people who commit deviant acts have weak community ties
- The control theory
- Non-conformity that goes undetected
- Primary Deviance
- Repeated criminal behavior
- Recidivism
- A situation when norms are unclear
- Anomie
- Shift from being an independent adult to being dependent on other assistance is
- Dependency
- Adult female development can be distinguished from adult male development by female emphisis on
- Marriage
- Satisfaction with retirement is associated with financial security and
- Good Heath
- Having heath insurance, a secure job, and opportunity to learn new skills are associated with
- Job Satisfaction
- Increase in number of working women is the biggest change in the composition of
- Labor Force
- Average number of years a person born at a particular period of time can expect to live is
- Life Expectancy
- Farmers make up approxomently-----of the labor force
- 3%
- The occupational category that includes doctors, librarians, nurses and teachers is
- Professional Specialty
- Combination of statuses, roles, activities, goals, values, beliefs, and life circumstances that characterize an individual is a
- Life Map
- An organic condition that results in the progressive destruction of brain cells is.
- Alzheimers