oral pathology, disorders of the red blood cells
Terms
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- What is anemia?
- a disorder of oxygen-carrying capability either in RBC or a defect in the hemoglobin molecule (profusion disorder)
- what is the etiology of anemia?
- may be a result of dietary def., genetic, or autoimmune.
- what is magaloblastic anemia?
- large hemanopoetic cells located in the bone marrow, source of all blood cells, platelets and WBC's. This type of anemia does not require an intrinsic factor
- name three types dietary related anemia
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*iron deficiency
* pernicious; def in vitamin b12(cobalamin) due to a loss of intrinsic factor
*folate def.:also called magaloblastic (parent of blood cells) anemia - What is thalassemia autosomal dominant
- a genetic form of anemia, results in an amino acid change in hemoglobin molecule.(when one amino acid has been substituted for the one that should be there
- thalassemia major:
- genetic form of anemia; a severe form of the disease resulting form homozygous inheritance (both are recessive; tt)
- thalassemia minor:
- a milder form of the disease resulting from heterozygous inheritance (T,t one dominant, one recessive
- what is sickle cell anemia?
- an autosomal dominant disease affecting predominately blacks and individuals of Mediteranean descent; defect is also an amino acid substitution in hemoglobin molecule, causeing the RBC's to assume a sickle shape and lead to congestion within capillaries and ischemai of the tissue
- sickle cell anemia
- this disease is the most severe form due to homozygous inheritance and sickle cell trait is a milder form due to heterozygous inheritance
- what are the oral manifestations of sickle cell anemia?
- angular cheiletis, atrophy of the oral mucosa, erythema of tongue, loss of filiform and fungiform papillae in severe or chronic cases
- clinical manifestaiton of sickle cell anemia?
- includes pallor and fatigue
- treatment for sickle cell anemia
- replace def. With pernicious anemia B12 injections are given to bypass the GI tract where the intrinsic factor is missing
- what is aplastic anemia
- results in a severe decrease of all circulating blood cells including red blood cells, white blood cells(leukopenia), and platelets (thrombocytopenis). Pts tend to be very, very sick. This is a very painful disease
- etiology of aplastic anemia
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primary: unknown
secondary: chemical or radiation - treatment of aplastic anemia?
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primary- supportive, but usually fatal
secondary- remove etiology - what is polycythemia?
- an abnormal increase in RBC count; either absolute (lack of oxygen)or relative
- what is the etiology of polycythemia?
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*neoplastic(primary polycythemia)- some type of malignancy in the bone marrow
*decrease in oxygen(secondary)
*decreased plasma volume(relative) - what are the oral manifestations of polycythemia?
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evidence of purple to red mucosa, submucosal ecchymoses, petichiae or hematoma and spontaneous bleeding
treatment; chemotherapy and or the removal of the etiology - what is agranulocytosis
- a severe reduction in circulating granulocytes, especially neutrophils, due to either a defect in production or accelerated destruction (susceptibility to opportunistic infections)
- what are the clinical manifestations of agranulocytosis?
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severe infections with fever, malaise, and necrotising ulcerations.
Treatment is antibiotics and transfusions - what is cyclic neutropenia?
- periodic cycles of neutrophils decrease with cycles of normal count usually over a three to four week interval. severe infections, ulcerations, gingival and periodontal infections