SNCO 14 COMM 3 Support Material
Terms
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- Support material falls into 2 major categories. What are they?
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Clarification Support and Proof Support
- Clarification support is used to prevent what?
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Confusion or misunderstanding
- Clarification Support is used to explain what?
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- Unfamiliar or ambigous terms
- Acronyms
- Concepts
- What adds credibility, shows something is true and proves or supports a point?
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Proof Support
- Integrating sources means ensuring what 2 things?
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- Support material flows smoothly in our written or spoken presentations
- Support material logically fits within the paper or speech
- What are the 3 guidlines for using support material in our communications?
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- Support should always be appropriate
- Support should be accurate
- Give credit where credit is due
- Guidelines to effective support.
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- Know what you want to accomplish(Clarify or Prove),
- Qualify Your Sources,
- Intergrate Your Sources,
- Use Relevant Support,
- Use Appropriate Support,
- Use Accurate Support,
- Give Credit Where Credit is Due
- Know what you want to accomplish (clarify or prove)
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What are the 5 types of support?
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– Definitions
– Examples
– Comparisons
– Testimony
– Statistics -
What is used primarily as clarification support because they explain or clarify terms, jargon, acronyms, or concepts:
- Definitions
- Definition:
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Primarily used for clarification support because the explain, or clarify terms, jaron, acronyms, or concepts
- Examples:
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Used for both clarification and Proof Support
- 2 types of Examples:
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Real Life, Imaginary (jokes or parables)
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Comparisons:
- Most frequently used to clarify relationships
- Types of Comparisons:
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Metaphor, Contrast, Simile
- Metaphor:
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Figure of speech used to compare two things, Compares something concrete to something abstract, (Example: Joe is a fast burner)
- Contrast:
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Most used comparison in military writing, Contrast \"Old\" vs \"New\" or advantages vs disadvantages
- Simile:
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Just like the metaphor only less direct, Uses\"Like\" or \"As\"
- What 2 types of support are most comonly associated with proof support?
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Testimony and Statistics
- Testimony:
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Information we take from experts or expert documentation to support our communication
- 3 methods for using testimony:
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Direct quotation, Quotation with omissions, Paraphrase
- Direct quotation:
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Quote someone word for word without omissions
- Quotation with omissions:
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We quote only part of what someone has said or written
- Paraphrase:
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Borrowing information from someone else and putting it in our own words
- What are 3 rules to keep in mind when using testimony?
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1- Remember General Guidlines 2- Keep testimony brief
3- Use you testimony in context (don\'t bend it to say what you would like it to be)
- What support material is most misused?
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Statistics
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3 types of statistical support:
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1, Ratios
2, Percentages
3, Raw Numbers - Ratios:
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A numerical Comparison of two or more things
- Percentages:
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A figure that reflects a portion of something when compared to the whole (Example) In a typical SNCO Academy class of 360 only 5% are reservists.
- Raw Numbers:
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Numbers that haven\'t been cooked yet, we take them as they are--they haven\'t been manipulated
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What are 5 rules we should follow with statistics? 1- Round Off: 84.7 --> 85% 2- Use sparingly: Don\'t overload the audience 3- Dramatize: Ask hypothetical questions 4- Recency: Use recent stats 5- Context: Use in proper context
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1- Round Off: 84.7 --> 85%
2- Use sparingly: Don\'t overload the audience
3- Dramatize: Ask hypothetical questions
4- Recency: Use recent stats 5- Context: Use in proper context
- Reasoning:
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A process of drawing conclusions or inferences from evidence. Often defined as thinking with a purpose
- Fallacy:
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A statement or argument based on a fals or invalid conclusion or an illogical thought pattern. Considered an unacceptable way of thinking.
- 2 most common reasoning fallacies:
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Slanted reasoning,
Emotional Appeals
- Slanted Reasoning:
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Arises from the misuse or lack of data
- Types of slanted rasoning:
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1. Hasty generalization,
2. Faulty dilemma
3. Faulty Analogy
4. Stacking the Evidence
5. The loaded question
- Faulty dilemma
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-Offers two alternatives, one the communicator wants us to accept and one that he knows we will question or never accept
- Faulty Analogy:
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Based on the assumption that what is true of a simple or familiar situation is also true of a complex or complicated one
- Stacking the Evidence:
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Consists of distorting or omitting important evidence to get a point across.
- The loaded question:
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When are we going to stop sinking money into this expensive program?
- Emothional appeals:
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- Name Calling,
- Glittering Generality,
- Snob or prestige ppeal,
- Plain folks appeal,
- Bandwagon appeal
- Name calling:
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The habit of giving undesirable names to things or people you dislike
- Glittering generality:
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Giving an admirable name to something that we want others to accept
- Snob or Prestige appeal:
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Attempt to have us seek an ever higher social status
- Plain folks Appeal:
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- Opposite of the snob appeal,
- Status is looked upon with contempt,
- The simple things in life are worth having
- Bandwagon Appeal:
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It asks receivers to accept an idea without examination and to believe it because their working group or social group believes it