Anatomy 9/18/06 2
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- What is the CN I Olfactory nerve, what is its sensory fucntion, and what are the conditions after being damaged?
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-conducts olfactory (smell) sensations to brain
-only type to regenerate
-does olfaction (smell)
-anosmia (partial or total loss of smell) occurs when damaged - What is the CN II nerve, what is its sensory function, and what are the conditions after being damaged?
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-special sensory nerve of vision that is an outgrowth of the brain (brain tract)
-vision
-anopsia (visual defects) occurs when damaged - What is the CN III oculomotor nerve?
- -innerates upper eyelid and four of the six extrinsic eye muscles
- What are the somatic motor functions of the CN III oculomotor nerve?
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-supplies four extrinsic eye muscles (superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique) that move eyeball
-supplies levator palpebrae superoris muscle to elevate eyelid - What are the parasympathetic motor functions of CN III oculomotor nerve?
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-innervates sphincter pupillae muscle of iris to make pupil contract
-contracts cilary muscles to make the lens of eye more speherical (as needed for near vision) - What are the conditions caused from being damaged?
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-Ptosis (upper eyelid droop)
-paralysis of eye muscles
-strabismus (eyes not in parallel/ deviated improperly)
-diplopia (double vision)
-focusing difficulty - What is the CN IV trochlear nerve, what is its function, and what are the conditions when damaged?
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-innervates one extrinsic muscle (superior oblique) that lopps through a pully-shaped ligament
-supplies one extrinsis eye muscle (superior oblique) to move eyeball inferiorly and laterally
-paralysis of superior oblique
-strabismus (eyes not in parallel/deviated improperly)
-diplopia (double vision) - What is the CN V trigeminal nerve?
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-consists of three divisions
-ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular
-receives sensory impulses from face, oral cavity, nasal cavity, and anterior scalp, and innervates muscles of mastication - What is the function of the ophthalmic?
- -conducts snesory impulses from cornea, nose, forehead, and anterior scalp
- What is the function of the maxillary?
- -conducts snesnory impulses from nasal mucosa, palate, gums, and cheek
- What is the function of the mandibular?
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-conducts sensory impulses from anterior two-thirds of tongue, skin of chin, lower jaw, lower teeth
-one thrid of sensations from auricle of ear - What is the somatic motor function of CN V trigeminal nerve?
- -innervates muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygolds), mylohyroid, anterior belly of digatric, tensor tympani muscle, and tensor veli palatini
- What are the conditions when CN V trigeminal nerve is damaged?
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-trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureus)
-caused by inflammation of the sensory components of the trigeminal nerve
-results in intense, pulsating pain lastign form minutes to several hours - What is the CN VI abducens nerve , what is its function, and what conditions are caused due to damage?
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-innrevates lateral rectus muscle (abducts eye)
-abducts lateral rectus
-paralysis of lateral rectus limits lateral movement of eye
-diplopia (double vision) - What is the CN VII facial nerve?
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-innervates muscles of facial expression
-lacrimal (tear) gland, and most salivary glands
-conducts taste sensations from the anterior two-thrids of the tongue - What is the sensory function of the CN VII cranial nerve?
- -taste from anterior two thrids of the tongue
- What is the somatic motor fucntion of the CN VII cranial nerves?
- -the five motor branches (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical) innervate the muscles of facial expressio, the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the stylohyoid and stapedius muscles.
- What is the parasympathetic motor function of CN VII facial nerve?
- -innervates (increases secretions of) the lacrimal gland of the eye and two salivary glands (submandibular and sublingual glands)
- What are the conditions caused from damage of the CN VII facial nerve?
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-decreased tearing (dry eye)
-decreased salivation (dry mouth)
-loss of taste sensation to anterior two-thirds of tongue
- facial palsy characterized vy paralyzed facial muscles, eyelid droop, and sagging at corner of mouth - What is the CN VIII vestibulocochlear nerve, what is its function, and what is the conditons due to damage?
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-conducts equilibrium and auditory sensations to brain
-cochlear branch conducts impulses for hearing
-vestibular branch conducts impulses for equilibrium
-lesions in vestibular branch produce loss of balance nausea, vomiting, and dizziness
-lesions in cochlear branch result in deafness (loss of hearing) - What is the CN IX glassopharyngeal nerve?
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-recieves taste and touch sensations from posterior tongue sturctures
-innervates one pharnyx muscle and parotid salivary gland - What si the sensory function of CN IX glossopharyngeal nerve?
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-general sensation and taste to the posterior 1/3 of tongue
-chemoreceptors fibers to the carotid bodies (structures on the carotid arteries that detect and monitor O2 and CO2 levels in the blood) - What is the somatic motor function of the CN IX glossopharyngeal nerve?
- -innervates stylopharyngeus (pharnyx muscle)
- What is the parasympathetic motor function of the CNIX glossopharyngeal nerve?
- -innervates (thus increasing secretion of) parotid salivary gland
- What are the conditions caused by damage of the CN IX glossopharyngeal nerve?
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-reduced salivary secretion (dry mouth)
-loss of taste sensations to poasterior 1/3 of tongue - What is the CN X vagus nerve?
- -innervates structures in the head and neck and in the throacuc and abdominal caviities
- What are the snesory fucntions of CN X vagus nerve?
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-viseral sensory information from pahrnyx, larnyx, heart, lungs, and most abdominal organs.
-General snesory information from exteral auditory canal, eardrum, and pharnyx - What are the somatic motor functions of the CN vagus X nerve?
- -innervates most pharnyx muscles and larynx muscles
- What are the parasympathetic motor funtcions of CN X vagus nerve?
- -innervates visceral smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands of heart, lungs, pahrnyx, larnyx, trachia, and most abdominal organs
- What are the conditions caused from damage to the CN X vagus nerve?
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-paralysis leads to hoarseness, monotone, or complete loss of voice
-may have difficulty in swalling or impaired gastrointestinal system mobility from lesions - What is the CN XI accessory nerve, it's functions, and conditions causes from damage?
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-innervates trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and some pharnyx muscles
-cranial root carries impulses with vagus nerve fibers to pharnyx
-spinal root innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
-paralysis results in difficulty in elevating shoulder or tunring head side to side - What is the CN XII hypoglosso nerve, its functions, and the conditions caused from damage?
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-innervates intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles
-"under the tongue"
-inpaired tongue movement causes swallowing and speech difficluties
-tongue deviates to side of damaged nerve