Science Final
Terms
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- atomic number
- number of protons in an atom
- carbon 14
- Fossils up to 75,000 years old can be dated with ______.
- volcanic neck
- Devil's Tower, Wyoming - hard magma core
- mold
- A __________ is a cavity left behind in a rock after an organism's hard part has dissolved.
- S waves
- secondary waves
- continents
- Alfred Wegener believed that the _______ were once joined
- magnitude
- amount of energy an earthquake releases
- mid-ocean ridge
- A(n) __________ is an underwater mountain chain
- absolute age
- age, in years, of a rock or other object
- fossil
- A ________ may tell a geologist when,where, and how an organism lived.
- beta decay
- process in which one of an isotope's neutrons breaks down into a proton and an electron and the electron leaves the atom as a beta particle
- uniformitarianism
- states that Earth processes today are similar to those that took place in the past
- composite volcano
- Soufriere Hills Volcano - one plate was forced beneath another
- continental drift
- The main points of evidence for ___2 words_____ are fossils, rocks, and climate.
- seismologists
- people who study earthquakes
- mass numbers
- sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
- seismographs
- instruments that record seismic activity
- electrons
- particles in an atom that carry a negative charge
- radioactive decay
- is measured in half -lives; process that uses the properties of atoms in rocks and other objects to find their ages
- missing layer
- An unconformity is a ___2 words__ of rock
- mold
- hollow place in rock made when an organism died, was buried, and holes in the rock let air or water reach it and dissolve the organism
- remains
- Fossils are the _______,imprints, or traces of once-living organisms preserved in rock .
- index fossils
- fossils of species that lived on Earth for short periods of time and were abundant and were widespread geographically
- trace
- Preserved animal tracks are called ______ fossils.
- radiometric dating
- process of calculating the absolute age of a rock by measuring the amounts of parent and daughter materials in a rock and by knowing the half-life of the parent material
- hard
- The ______ parts of organisms are most likely to become fossils.
- crust
- outermost layer of Earth
- mantle
- largest layer of the earth
- subduction zone
- One plate is forced under another in a(n). _______
- lithosphere
- The crust and upper mantle make up the ________.
- seafloor
- The Glomar Challenger gathered information about rocks on the _______.
- cast
- made when sediments fill in a cavity made when an object decayed and the sediments harden into rock
- electron cloud
- location of electrons in an atom
- seismic sea waves
- tsunamis
- nucleus
- location of protons and neutrons in an atom
- unconformities
- gaps in rock layers that develop when agents of erosion (ex: wind, water, etc) remove existing rock layers
- P waves
- primary waves
- relative dating
- order of events and the relative age of rocks is determined by examining the position of rocks in a sequence
- neutrons
- particles in an atom that carry no electrical charge
- half life
- time it takes for half of the atoms in an isotope to decay
- protons
- particles in an atom that carry a positive charge
- shield volcano
- Kilauea, Hawaii - quiet lava flows
- asthenosphere
- Earth's thick, plastic like layer is the______.
- batholith
- Yosemite National Park granite domes in California - exposed at Earth's surface by erosion
- caldera
- Crater Lake in Oregon - the top of a volcano collapsed down
- carbonaceous film
- fossil formed when an outline of the original organism is formed from left-over carbon
- surface waves
- waves that travel outward toward the epicenter
- Pangaea
- The name ________ comes from two words that mean "all land"
- convergent boundary
- Plates move together at a(n) ________
- cinder volcano
- Paricutin, Mexico - pile of ash and cinders
- seismograms
- paper record of a seismic event
- principle of superposition
- states that for undisturbed rocks, the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the rocks become younger and younger toward the top