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Science Final

Terms

undefined, object
copy deck
atomic number
number of protons in an atom
carbon 14
Fossils up to 75,000 years old can be dated with ______.
volcanic neck
Devil's Tower, Wyoming - hard magma core
mold
A __________ is a cavity left behind in a rock after an organism's hard part has dissolved.
S waves
secondary waves
continents
Alfred Wegener believed that the _______ were once joined
magnitude
amount of energy an earthquake releases
mid-ocean ridge
A(n) __________ is an underwater mountain chain
absolute age
age, in years, of a rock or other object
fossil
A ________ may tell a geologist when,where, and how an organism lived.
beta decay
process in which one of an isotope's neutrons breaks down into a proton and an electron and the electron leaves the atom as a beta particle
uniformitarianism
states that Earth processes today are similar to those that took place in the past
composite volcano
Soufriere Hills Volcano - one plate was forced beneath another
continental drift
The main points of evidence for ___2 words_____ are fossils, rocks, and climate.
seismologists
people who study earthquakes
mass numbers
sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
seismographs
instruments that record seismic activity
electrons
particles in an atom that carry a negative charge
radioactive decay
is measured in half -lives; process that uses the properties of atoms in rocks and other objects to find their ages
missing layer
An unconformity is a ___2 words__ of rock
mold
hollow place in rock made when an organism died, was buried, and holes in the rock let air or water reach it and dissolve the organism
remains
Fossils are the _______,imprints, or traces of once-living organisms preserved in rock .
index fossils
fossils of species that lived on Earth for short periods of time and were abundant and were widespread geographically
trace
Preserved animal tracks are called ______ fossils.
radiometric dating
process of calculating the absolute age of a rock by measuring the amounts of parent and daughter materials in a rock and by knowing the half-life of the parent material
hard
The ______ parts of organisms are most likely to become fossils.
crust
outermost layer of Earth
mantle
largest layer of the earth
subduction zone
One plate is forced under another in a(n). _______
lithosphere
The crust and upper mantle make up the ________.
seafloor
The Glomar Challenger gathered information about rocks on the _______.
cast
made when sediments fill in a cavity made when an object decayed and the sediments harden into rock
electron cloud
location of electrons in an atom
seismic sea waves
tsunamis
nucleus
location of protons and neutrons in an atom
unconformities
gaps in rock layers that develop when agents of erosion (ex: wind, water, etc) remove existing rock layers
P waves
primary waves
relative dating
order of events and the relative age of rocks is determined by examining the position of rocks in a sequence
neutrons
particles in an atom that carry no electrical charge
half life
time it takes for half of the atoms in an isotope to decay
protons
particles in an atom that carry a positive charge
shield volcano
Kilauea, Hawaii - quiet lava flows
asthenosphere
Earth's thick, plastic like layer is the______.
batholith
Yosemite National Park granite domes in California - exposed at Earth's surface by erosion
caldera
Crater Lake in Oregon - the top of a volcano collapsed down
carbonaceous film
fossil formed when an outline of the original organism is formed from left-over carbon
surface waves
waves that travel outward toward the epicenter
Pangaea
The name ________ comes from two words that mean "all land"
convergent boundary
Plates move together at a(n) ________
cinder volcano
Paricutin, Mexico - pile of ash and cinders
seismograms
paper record of a seismic event
principle of superposition
states that for undisturbed rocks, the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the rocks become younger and younger toward the top

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