Biology-LO
Terms
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- Phospolipids
- Building Block of the cell.
- Proteins
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C,H,O, Nitrogen
20 amino acids needed
enymes, hemoglobin
work like lock & key (spiderweb) - Channel Proteins
- Help moelcules cross the cell membrane.
- Marker Proteins
- identify the cell.
- Receptors proteins
- transmit information into the cell.
- Diffusion
-
Movement of molecules from high concentration to low
Move down hill. - Osmosis
- Diffusion of Water
- Facilitated Diffusion
- transports molecules in either direction (passive transport)
- Endocytosis
-
pinching off of a section of membrane.
a cell surrounds and engulfs - Exocytosis
- Form of active transport.
- Passive Transport
-
Usually diffusion or osmosis.
Just happens, doesn't need energy. - Active Transport
-
one-way transport across a membrane that requires energy
cell exerts energy to work against the concentration gradient. - ATP
-
molecule used by cell to deliver energy for chemical reaction.
2-ATP in Anaerobic & 36-ATP Aerboic. - Chlorophyll
-
absorbs red and blue light, reflects green.
gathers energy for photosynthesis. - Chloroplast
- carbohydrate producing organelles found in green plants.
- Photosynthesis
- capture of energy from sunlight, which produces ATP and carbohydrates.
- Cellular Respiration
-
Living things release energy from bonds in carbohydrates & other food molecules.
Glycolysis & Oxidative Resp. - Fermentation
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Breaks pyruvic acid into lactic acid or ethyl alcohol.
breakdown when oxygen is not present. - Anaerobic
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Without Oxygen
Glycolysis
In Cytoplasm
End Product is Lactic Acid/Ethanol
Has 2 ATP - Aerobic
-
With Oxygen
Oxidative Respiration
In Mitochondria
End Product is CO2 & H2O
Has 36 ATP - Glycolysis
-
takes place in cytoplasm
does not need oxygen
Glucose is broken into 2 pyruvic acids (Only 2 ATP) - Oxidative Respiration
-
Takes place in Mitochondria
Requires Oxygen
breakdown into water & CO2
36 ATP - Amino Acids
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proteins
20 - Carbohydrates
-
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Made of Starches, Sugars,
Can be Simple or Complex
Cellulose-plants for cell wall - Lipids
-
C,H,O
Fats, Oils,Waxes, Steroids
Long term energy storage
Forms much of cell membrane
Can NOT mix with water - Nucleic Acids
-
DNA, RNA
Made of Nucleotides
Makes up Chromosomes
Code for Proteins/Blueprint-tells cells how to make protein - Nucleotide
-
subunits of nucleic acid
In DNA-form genes, encode info
In RNA-copies genes, makes protein - DNA
-
Deoxribonucleic Acid
Double Helix-2 strands
Encodes cell proteins
Bases-A, T, G, C Only in Nuclues - Replication
-
DNA codes itself.
Cell divides and copies DNA
2 DNA strands are the result - Transcription
-
DNA transcribes RNA
Only makes RNA to carry instruction to ribosomes.
End up with new RNA strand, original DNA. - Translation
-
RNA codes for proteins
triplet codon (3 base codes for amino acids)
Peptides bond int poly then protein - Mitchondria
- Converts glucose into energy (ATP)
- Mutation
- change in genotype of an organism
- Nucleus
-
directs cell activity
stores DNA - Prokaryote
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Single cell organism
No true Nucleus - Eukaryote
-
contains a membrane nucleus
protists - Homeostasis
-
process where living things maintain a constant internal environment such as
body temperature, water level - Metabolism
-
Use energy
Energy by eating or photosynthesis.
Living things need energy to to move, grow, and process info. - Reproduction
- Make offspring
- Cells
- All living things are made up of cells.
- Heredity
- Contain genetic info in DNA or RNA (genes) Passed on through offspring.