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The Atmosphere-Jenn's section

Terms

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front
boundary between two different air masses
maritime tropical
warm and moist air mass
hurricane
a doughnut shaped ring of a strong counterclockwise winds exceeding 115 kilometers per hour and surronding an area of extremely low pressure at the center
What type of damage can a hurricane cause?
wind damage, storm surge, and inland freshwater flooding
eye
relative calm area of clear skies in the middle of the hurricane
How do hurricanes lose strength?
as they move over land where the source of warm moist air is cut off or when they move over colder ocean waters
adiabatic
temperature change when no heat is added or removed to the system
When does condensation occur in rising air?
when the air temperature and dew point temperature reach an altitude where they are the same temperature
weather forecasting
methods used to determine the future state fof the atmosphere
How is it possible for a temperature to change to occur when no heat is added or subtracted?
compression and expanding of gas
How are moisture and energy trnsferred in the atmosphere?
convection, winds, and the adiabatic process
moist adiabatic lapse rate
when a moist air rises, heat is released to the surronding air during condensation, the cooling rate slows to 6 dgrees per kilometer
What is a stationary front?
It occurs when a warm air mass and a cold air mass are side by side with neither moving. Weather is similar to a warm front.
Whatwould happen if the global wind convection systems did not exist to redistribute energy?
the pole would become colder whole the tropics grew warmer
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
rates wind speeds, surface pressure, storm surges, and damage potential
storm surge
a dome of water 65 to 80 km wide near the point where the eye lands
tropical storm warning
tropical storm conditions are expected in your area within the next 24 hours
How is the Earth unevenly heated and what does this result in?
There is a surplus of incoming energy at teh tropical latitudes and a deficit at the poles. These resulting in zones of prevailing winds.
tracks
paths of air masses that travel through the United States
what do isobars drawn close together indicate?
steep pressure gradients and strong winds
tropical storm watch
tropical storm conditions with sustained winds from 39 to 73 miles per hour are pissible in next 36 hours
When and where do hurricanes develop?
In the late summer over ocean water that reach 27 degrees or higher
Far ahead of where it meets the ground are extended periods of precipitation. What type of front is this?
warm front
anticyclone
is a high pressure air mass with tthe winds moving in a clowck wise direction away from the center
remember hanna goes outside to get high
What happens when a parcel of air rises and cools?
its capacity to hold water vapor decreases and its relative humidity increases
What happens to density when the amount of moisture in the air increases?
the density decreases
probability of occurrence
the likelihood that the weather will change over a period of time
What type of information does a station model include?
amount of cloud cover, barometric pressure, temperature, dewpoint, wind direction, wind speed
(in reference tables)
How do clouds form?
Clouds form from condensation of rising air
synopsis
a summary of weather conditions all over the United States
which side of the mountain had drier air?
leeward side, downslope
maritime polar
cool and moist
hurricane watch
hurricane conditions are possible in your area within the next 36 hours
What type of weather characteristics are associated with a cyclone?
clouds and precipitation
What is the corrider in the northeast?
the area where all air masses move making weather difficult to predict
What happens in an occluded front?
A faster moving cold front overtakes a slower moving warm front the warmer air, on the ground the weateher characteristivs of both fronts occur without a gap of sequence
continental polar
cold and dry
cyclone
a low is a low pressure air mass with the winds moving in a counterclockwise direction in toward the center
What does decreasing air pressure bring?
warm unsettled air and rainy weather
mid-latitude cyclones
a cyclone where a cold front catches up with a warm front. They tend to last about seven days.
How do you convert pressure on a station model to milibars?
when an abbr. is below 500 add a 9 in front ex. 196 - 1019.6 mb when an abbr is above 500 add a 9 infront of it. ex. 576- 957.6 mb
dry adiabatic lapse rate
when a sample of dry air rises or descends it temperature changes adiabatically at a rate of 10 degrees per kilometer
What weather is associated with anticyclones?
cool, clear weather
What happens to density when pressure decreases?
density decreases
Which front moves fastest?
cold fronts
When have most of the improvements in weather forecasting occured?
in the last half century
hurricane warning
hurricane conditions are expected in 24 hours or less
tornadoes
voilent windstorms what take the form of a rotating funnel of air that extends downward from a cumulonimbus cloud
waterspouts
tornadoes over water
continental tropical
hot and dry
What happens when a cold front moves through?
thunderstorms occur and precipitation for a short period of time. It stops abruptly and becomes cool and clear
What does increasing air pressure bring?
cool anc clear weather
squall lines
moving lines of thunderstorms
Explain the temperature changes as moist air is forced over a mountain
warm,moist air travels over windward side of the mountain, it cools until, when the air descends down the mountain the air heats up

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