Biology 1st Semester Exam Review (04-05)
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- homeostasis
- stable environment
- hypothesis
- possible explanation for observations
- theory
- a hypothesis that is supported by other information
- organism
- all characteristics of life
- biology
- study of living things
- zoology
- study of animals
- botany
- study of plants
- anatomy
- study of the structures of an organism
- physiology
- study of the functions of an organism
- chemistry
- study of chemical reactions
- microbiology
- study of small living things
- ecology
- study of relationships between organisms and their environment
- genetics
- study of heretity
- taxonomy
- study of classification
- entomology
- study of insects
- herpetology
- study of reptiles and amphibians
- ichthyology
- study of fishes
- ornithology
- study of birds
- paleontology
- study of fossils
- autotroph
- make their own food, usually through photosynthesis
- heterotroph
- organism that obtains energy from food it consumes
- prokaryote
- lacks a nucleus; ex. bacteria
- eukaryote
- has a nucleus
- osmosis
- diffusion of water
- diffusion
- net movement from high concentration to low concentration; continues until equilibrium is reached
- centromere
- area where cromatids are attached
- genotype
- way an organism is genetically
- phenotype
- way an organism appears
- homozygous
- 2 alleles for the trait are the same
- heterozygous
- 2 alleles for the trait are different
- DNA polymerase
- main enzyme in replication
- point mutation
- change in one base
- frameshift mutation
- one is added or deleted
- hybrid
- crossing of 2 different species
- inbreeding
- crossing closely related species
- genetic engineering
- changing genetic sequence
- palindrome
- read same forwards and backwards
- recombinant DNA
- DNA from different sources added together
- transgenic organism
- contain foreign DNA
- genome
- total # of genes in an organism
- What characteristics do all living things have in common?
- made of cells, can reproduce, adapts to environment, grows and develops, use energy, and based on a genetic code
- Trace the organization of life from the somplest level to the most complex.
- cells > tissue > organs > systems > organisms > population > community > ecosystem > biosphere
- What makes a good experiment?
- look to solve problems that are testable
- Why is SI commonly used in science?
- it's international and it's multiples of 10
- What is the importance of using a control group in an experiment?
- used as a comparison
- Aristotle
- classified organisms
- Vesalius
- studied anatomy
- Harvey
- blood circulation
- Leeuwenhoek
- advanced microscope
- Linnaeus
- modern classification system
- Pasteur
- disproved spontaneous generation
- Darwin
- natural selection
- Mendel
- genetics
- Watson and Crick
- discovered structure of DNA
- Wilson
- biodiversity
- carbohydrates
- main source of energy
- lipids
- stores energy
- proteins
- contrils chemical reactions, transport, form structure
- nucleic acid
- stores genetic info.
- cell membrane
- regulates what goes in and out of cell
- cell wall
- supports and protects the cell
- nucleus
- contains cell's genetic material and controls cells activity
- cytoplasm
- contains many important structures
- chromosome
- contains genetic info. that passes from generation of cell to next
- nuclear envelope
- lets things in and out of nucleus
- cytoskeleton
- helps to support cell
- endoplasmic reticulum
- help make proteins get ready to leave
- golgi apparatus
- attaches carbs and lipids to proteins
- lysosome
- breaks down carbs, lipids, and proteins
- mitochondria
- breaks down food to make high-energy compounds
- chloroplast
- makes energy-rich food molecules from the sun
- vacuole
- stores water, salts, proteins and carbs.
- What are the differences in plant and animal cells?
- plants have chloroplasts, cell walls, large vacuoles; animals have lysosomes, smaller vacuoles
- How can particles enter and exit the cell?
- diffusion allow particles to move in and out from high concentration to low until reach equilibrium
- Why are cells small?
- if the cells are to big, not enough nutrients can get to inner parts of cell and not enough DNA to control cell if to big
- Prophase
- chromosomes double
- Metophase
- chromotids line up in middle
- Anaphase
- sister chromatids are pulled apart
- Telophase
- chromosomes become long and thin
- How are cancer cells different from normal cells?
- cancer cells grow uncontrolably
- Why are cancer cells harmful?
- have short interphase, and they press up against things that aren't suppose to have pressure
- What is the difference in aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
- aerobic-takes place when there is oxygen; anaerobic-takes place when there is no oxygen
- What are the products of alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation?
- alcoholic fermentation-creates alcohol and small amount of ATP; lactic acid fermentation-creates lactic and a small amount of ATP
- Describe the laws of segregation?
- 2 alleles for each trait separation when gamete is formed
- Describe the the independent assorment?
- genes for separatie traits are inherited independently of each other