History Chapter 23-25
Terms
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- Duke Ellington
- pianist and composer
- 19th Amendment
- women in all states could now vote(WOmen aalso ran for election to political offices)
- Herbert Hoover
- Wilson appointed him to head the Food Administration
- zeppelin
- blimp
- Front
- line of battle
- dissent
- opposition
- Bolsheviks
- a goup of communists (Led by Vladimir Lenin)
- Sinclair Lewis
- novelist
- Clarence Darrow
- defended many radicals and labor union members, spoke for Scopes
- War Industries Boards
- supervised the nation's industrial production
- bootleggin
- making and selling illegal alcohol
- Nation Origins Act
- reduced annual country quota from 3 to 2 %
- Alfred E. Smith
- governor of New York
- Committee on Public Information
- persuaded Americans that the war represented a battle for democracy and freedom
- sabotage
- secret action to damage the war effort
- Archduke Franz Ferdinand
- heir to the thron of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
- Allied Powers(ALLIES)
- Great Britain, France and Russia
- Battle of the Marne
- British and France stoped the German from advancing at the Marne River(No one could win war easily or quickly)
- Sussex
- French passenger ship
- Gavrilo Princip
- Franz Ferdinand's assassin
- Battle of Verdun
- French counterattacked Germany (one of bloodiest and longest battle of war) Germans made small gains
- stock exchange
- an organized system for buying and selling shares in corporations
- Harlem Renaissance
- movement that instilled an interst in African culture and pride in being African American
- Sussex Pledge
- Germans didn't want Americans to enter war, so they offered to compensate Americans injured on Sussex and promised to warn neutral ships and passenger vessels be4 attacking
- Volstead Act
- provided means of enforcing the liquor ban
- pacifists
- people opposed to the use of violence
- "doughboys"
- American soldiers' nickname
- flappers
- daring women who wore lots of make-up and mini skirts and "bobbed hair"
- Ernest Hemingway
- American expatriate who was a novelist, too
- espionage
- spying
- trenches
- deep tunnels used for hiding
- Hoovervilles
- shantytowns (cuz Hoover failed to act)
- Sherwood Anderson
- American writer
- Lusitania
- British passenger liner that got attacked by German U-Boats (1,000 about people died- 128 of those were Americans)
- balance of power
- a system that prevents any one country from dominating the others
- nativism
- belief that native-born Americans are superior to foreigners
- socialists
- people who believed industries should be publicly owned
- Triple Alliance
- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
- Wilhelm the Second
- German kaiser
- ethnic groups
- people who share a common launguage and traditions
- National Labor Board
- pressured businesses to grant some of the workers' pressing demands
- Treat of Brest-Litovsk
- Lenin took Russia out of war in Dec. March 1918, Lenin signed this. He surrended Poland, the Ukraine, and other territories to Germany
- Japan
- a rival of Germany in Asia (joined Allies in August)
- autocracy
- rule by 1 person with unlimited power
- Bosnia
- an Austrian province
- defaulted
- failed to meet loan payments
- Jazz Age
- Jazz era
- relief
- aid for the needy
- kaiser
- emperor
- William Jennings Bryan
- Democtatic candidate 4 president in 1896, 1900, and 1908
- nationalism
- a feeling of intense loyalty to one's country or group
- Espionage Act
- gave the government a new weapon to combat dissent(opposition) to the war
- mobilization
- gathering resources and preparing for war
- convoys
- teams
- Battle of the Somme
- British and French launched their own offensive in northern Francle-July. Casualties-a lot
- evolution
- the scientific theory that humans evolved over vast periods of time
- armistice
- an agreement to end the fighting
- Reconstruction Finance Corporation
- lent money to businesses
- Liberty Bonds
- war bonds
- Triple Entente
- Great Britain, France, and Russia
- Bessie Smieth
- singer
- 18th Amendment
- establish Prohibition(total ban on liquor in U.S.)
- Selective Service Act
- established a miliary draft for the U.S.
- expatriates
- people who choose to live in another country
- 21st Amendment
- Prohibition was repealed in 1933 with this
- Great Migration
- Between 300,000 and 500,000 African Americans from 1914-1920 left their homes and settle in Northern cities to find jobs
- on margin
- paid only a fraction of the stock price and borrowed the rest from brokers
- Central Powers
- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman(Turkish) Empire
- John J. Pershing
- led the American Expenditionary Force (AEF)
- Baron vo Richthofen
- German pilot
- Harlem
- African American section of NYC
- Spirit of St. Louis
- single-engine plane Lindbergh rode
- Elden Betts
- wrote home to his family during the Battle of Argonne Forest and he died 4 days later
- Sabotage Act and Sedition Act
- these laws made it a crime to say or print or even write anything negative about the government
- Zimmerman telegram
- British intercepted it (it was a secret telegram) (set off anti-German feeling)
- Eddie Rickenbacker
- American pilot
- alliance system
- the defense agreements among nations
- Emergency Quota Act
- established quota system(arrangemt placing a limit on # of immigrants from each country)
- Food Administration
- launched a campaign to encourage American farmers to produce more and to persuade the public to eat less
- Louis Armstrong
- trumpeter
- Hollywood
- become one of the country's leading businesses
- U-Boats
- German submarines
- improvisation
- new rhythms and melodies created during a performance
- public works
- projects like libraries, parks, and highways
- Bonus Army
- Congress gave each veteran of WW1 a $1,000 bonus
- mass media
- forms of communication
- Langston Hughes
- African American writer
- F. Scott Fitzgerald
- novelist. he and his wife, Zelda, joined expatriates in Europe
- Babe Ruth
- baseball outfielder
- The Battle of the Argonne Forest
- seven week battle
- propaganda
- info designed to influence opinion
- rationing
- limiting use of something
- East St. Louis, Illinois
- one of the worst battles between whites and African Americans. Whites burnt AA's houses and 40 African Americans died and 1000's lost their homes
- AEF
- the American troops in Europe
- militarism
- if one nation increased its military strength, its rivals felt threatened and built up their own military
- Charles Lindbergh
- first person to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean
- Gertrude Stein
- writer called the expatriates "the lost generation"
- Al "Scarface" Capone
- crime boss who sold illegal alcohol
- Balkans
- spark ignited- the war began!