Unit 6/7 IDs

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League of Nations: an international peace-keeping organization proposed by Wilson and founded in 1920
Boxer Rebellion: A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country. (ending the open-door policy)
Rough Riders: volunteer soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War
Annexation: The adding of a region to the territory of an existing country.
"yellow" journalism: Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire-Turkey
Great White Fleet: Name for the steam-powered ships of the enlarged and modernized American Navy of the early 1900s, Navy force that circumnavigated the globe to show off US naval prowess
Jose Marti: led the fight for Cuba's independence from Spain from 1895 through the Spanish-American War
Emilio Aguinaldo: Filipino who was lead both the Phillipine revolution against Spain and then the United States
Teller Amendment: This Amendment was drafter by Henry M. Teller which declared that the US had no desire for control in Cuba & pledged the US would leave the island alone.
A. Mitchell Palmer: the Attorney General of the United States from 1919 to 1921. He was nicknamed The Fighting Quaker and he directed the controversial Palmer Raids.
Insular Cases: These were court cases dealing with islands/countries that had been recently annexed and demanded the rights of a citizen. These Supreme Court cases decided that the Constitution did not always follow the flag, thus denying the rights of a citizen to Puerto Ricans and Filipinos.
Isolationism: policy of avoiding foreign involvement
Roosevelt Corollary: Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force
Treaty of Portsmouth: (1905) ended the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905). It was signed in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, after negotiations brokered by Theodore Roosevelt (for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize). Japan had dominated the war and received an indemnity, the Liaodong Peninsula in Manchuria, and half of Sakhalin Island, but the treaty was widely condemned in Japan because the public had expected more.
Doughboys: a nickname for the inexperienced but fresh American soldiers during WWI
Bernard Baruch: Head of the War Industries Board, which attempted to impose some order on the U.S. war production
Pancho Villa: Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923) Did many good things, but killed a lot of people. Wanted to take money from the rich and give it to the poor.
Moral Diplomacy: President Wilson's goals such as to condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and promote peace.
2nd Ku Klux Klan: used vilonece and threats was against jews catholics and immigrants.
The Big 4: Italy, France, England, and the U.S. 4 powers who met at Versallies to discuss peace
Strikes of the 1920's: a
Irreconcilables: a group of senators who opposed the Treaty of V and the League of N
Platt Amendment: Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble
Treaty of Paris (1898): signed on December 10, 1898, ended the Spanish-American War.provided that Cuba would become independent from Spain but the US congress made sure it would be under US control (Platt Amendment).
Herbert Hoover: 31rst. He was the Republican president when the depression hit. He advocated a "self-responsibility" role to end the depression since it was a routine event in a solid economy.
The Influence of Sea Power Upon History: an influential treatise on naval warfare written in 1890 by Alfred Thayer Mahan. It details the role of sea power throughout history and discusses the various factors needed to support a strong navy.
"He kept us out of war": Wilson narrowly won reelection because of this slogan.
Propaganda: information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause
Richard Olney: Attorney General of the U.S., he obtained an active injunction that state union members couldn't stop the movement of trains. He moved troops in to stop the Pullman strike.
War Guilt Clause: 1.) formally blamed Germany 2.) charged Germany for $33 billion
Schenck v. United States: a United States Supreme Court decision concerning the question of whether the defendant possessed a First Amendment right to free speech against the draft during World War I. Ultimately, the case served as the founding of the "clear and present danger" rule.
Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, Russia
Panama Canal: Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States Army engineers; it opened in 1915. It greatly shortened the sea voyage between the east and west coasts of North America. The United States turned the canal over to Panama on Jan 1, 2000 (746)
Xenophobia: opposition to immigration; fear of foreigns
"Gentlemen's Agreement": Agreement when Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US and in exchange Roosevelt agreed to allow the wives of the Japenese men already living in the US to join them
Trench Warfare: war from inside trenches enemies would try killing eachother with machine guns and tanks, and poison gas
Franz Ferdinand: archduke of Austria and heir apparent to Francis Joseph I
Fuel Administration: encouraged Americans to save fuel with "heatless Mondays" and "gasless Sundays." The actions helped create a sum of $21 billion to pay for the war.
American Expenditionary Force (AEF): About 2 million Americans went to France as members of this under General John J. Pershing
Nationalism: devotion to one's country
Reservationists: These were Republicans who wanted no part with the League of Nations unless there were some changes. THey were a burden to the vote on the League of Nations and had a part in its failure to pass.
William Randolph Hearst: owner of the New York Morning Journal San Francisco Examiner, "give me the picture,and ill furnish the war"
USS Maine: Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War
US Shipping Board: created in September 1916 and organized in January 1917 to revitalize the U.S. merchant fleet. It built some 1,000 cargo ships, commandeered more than 2 million tons of shipping from private yards and owners, and operated the German ships seized by the U.S. government when it declared war on Germany in 1917.
Selective Service Act: was drafted by Brigadier General Hugh Johnson after the United States entered the First World War. The law authorized President Woodrow Wilson to raise a volunteer infantry force of not more than four divisions. All males between the ages of 21 and 30 were required to register for military service. By 12th September 1918, 23,908,566 men had registered. Around 4,000,000 men were ultimately drafted into the armed services. Of these, 50 per cent served overseas during the war.
George Creel: Headed the Committee on Public Information, for promoting the war effort in WWI
Versailles Treaty: The compromise after WW1, settled land and freedom disputes. Germany had to take full blame for the war in order for the treaty to pass, among other things. The US Senate rejected it.
Warren G. Harding: a senetor from Ohio chosen by the republicans to be a candidate after WW1
National War Labor Board: a board that negotiated labor disputes and gave workers what they wanted to prevent strikes that would disrupt the war
"100% Americanism": motto for the 2nd Ku Klux Klan
Russo-Japanese War: Russia and Japan were fighting over Korea, Manchuria, etc. Began in 1904, but neither side could gain a clear advantage and win. Both sent reps to Portsmouth, NH where TR mediated Treaty of New Hampshire in 1905. TR won the nobel peace prize for his efforts, the 1st pres. to do so.
Jingoism: extreme/ fanatical nationalism
Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution was characterized by several socialist, liberal, anarchist and agrarianist movements, and culminated in the Mexican Constitution of 1917 Led by Fransico Madero
Militarism: A policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army always ready for war.
Sussex Pledge: Agreement in which Germany ceases submarine warfare if British stop mining North Sea
War Industries Board: Agency established during WWI to increase efficiency & discourage waste in war-related industries.
Emergency Immigration Act: congress passed as a stopgap until a permenant well considered law could be written.
John J. Pershing: commander of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), was sent by wilson to capture pancho villa
Leonard Wood: a physician who served as the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Military Governor of Cuba and Governor General of the Philippines.
Red Scare (1919): a nation-wide anti-radical hysteria provoked by a mounting fear and anxiety
George Dewey: a United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay in the Spanish-American War, U.S. naval commander who led the American attack on the Philippines
Joseph Pulitzer: owner of the New York World newspaper/ Leader in Yellow Journalism
Open Door Note: a concept in foreign affairs stating that, in principle, all nations should have equal commercial and industrial trade rights in China
the Lusitania: May 7, 1915 - British passenger ships were regularly sunk by German subs, but it had Americans aboard and brought the U.S. into the war. Germany promised to stop submarine warfare.
Valeriano "Butcher" Wyler: took over as Captain General of Cuba when General Campos resigned in early 1896. The Cuban war of independence was not going well for Spain, the rebels had just invaded Havana, and Antonio Maceo had made his way clear to Mantua, the westernmost point on the island. Upon arriving in Havana on February 11 1896, Weyler's first priority was the death of Maceo. Unable to control the population's support for the rebel forces, he instituted a policy of "re-concentration" in which Cubans were forced to move away from the country into fortified "towns." This would prevent the rebels from receiving aide from the peasants.
Queen Liliuokalani: the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests
Committee on Public Information: It was headed by George Creel. The purpose of this committee was to mobilize people's minds for war, both in America and abroad. Tried to get the entire U.S. public to support U.S. involvement in WWI. Creel's organization, employed some 150,000 workers at home and oversees. He proved that words were indeed weapons.
Henry Cabot Lodge: conservative senator who wanted to keep the United States out of the League of Nations
Anti-Imperialist League: was established in the United States on June 15, 1898 to battle the American annexation of the Philippines, officially called insular areas
U-Boats: undersea boat, submarine
Phillipe Bunau-Varilla: A french engineer and soldier who greatly influenced the United States's decision concerning the construction site for the famed Panama Canal
Dollar Diplomacy: Taft's foreign policy focused mainly on advancing American commercial interest abroad, a policy that was called this.
Alfred T. Mahan: Wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History.
Sanford B. Dole: a politician and jurist of Hawaiʻi as a kingdom, protectorate, republic and territory.
1918 Flu Epidemic: an influenza pandemic that started in the United States, appeared in West Africa and France and then spread to nearly every part of the globe
Nelson Miles: was an American soldier who served in the American Civil War, Indian Wars, and the Spanish-American War.
Foraker Act: law which ended military rule in Puerto Rico
Imperialism: A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.
Espionage & Sedition Acts: Two laws, enacted in 1917 and 1918, that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against US partcipation in WWI
Sacco and Vanzetti: In 1920 these two men were convicted of murder and robbery. They were found guilty and died in the electric chair unfairly
De Lome Letter: The Spanish ambassador insults President McKinley, accused america of being weak
Food Administration: This government agency was headed by Herbert Hoover and was established to increase the production of food and ration food for the military.
TR's "big stick": Teddy Roosevelt's use of military power for diplomatic reasons and foreign policy
Wilson's 14 Points: 14 points of why the US should make a plan for peace in Europe after World War I.
Russian Revolution: the revolution against the Czarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March 1917
Quota Law: limited the annual number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 3% of the number of persons from that country living in the United States in 1910, according to United States Census figures
John Hay: Secretary of State under McKinley and Roosevelt who pioneered the open-door policy and Panama canal
Zimmerman Telegraph: a telegram from Germany to Mexico telling them to invade the U.S. promising land and recources. Britian intercepted it.
Cowboy/Gunboat Diplomacy: TR's policy the pursuit of foreign policy objectives with the aid of conspicuous displays of military power—implying or constituting a direct threat of warfare, should terms not be agreeable to the superior force.
Gavrilo Princip: The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand
Harry Garfield: While at Princeton, he befriended future president Woodrow Wilson, who during World War I asked him to serve as the nation's Fuel Administrator.

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