Bus110-MidTerm1 Chapter1
Terms
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- Products that require a great deal of learning and knowledge to produce.
- Knowledge- and Information- intense products
- Organization where nearly all significant business processes and relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees are digitally enabled, and key corporate assets are managed through digital means.
- Digital firm
- The unique ways in which organizations coordinate and organize work activities, information, and knowledge to produce a product or service.
- Business Processes
- Interrelated components working stogether to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization.
- Information system
- Data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human beings.
- Information
- Streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or the physical environment before they have been organized and arranged into a form that people can understand and use.
- Data
- The capture or collection of raw data from within the organization or from its external environment for processing in an information system.
- Input
- The conversion, manipulation, and analysis of raw input into a form that is more meaningful to humans.
- Processing
- The distribution of processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.
- Output
- Output that is returned to the appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate or correct input.
- Feedback
- System resting on accepted and fixed definitions of data and procedures, operating with predefined rules.
- Formal system
- Information systems that rely on computer hardware and software for processing and disseminating information.
- Computer-based Information Systems (CBIS)
- Broad-based understanding of information systems that includes behavioral knowledge about organizations and individuals using information systems as well as technical knowledge about computers.
- Information systems literacy
- Knowledge about information technology, focuing on understanding how computer-based technologies work.
- Computer literacy
- Specialized tasks performed in a business organization, including sales and matkering, manufacturing and production, finance and accouting, and human resources.
- Business functions
- Formal rules for accomplishing tasks that have been developed to cope with expected situations.
- Standard operating procedures (SOP)
- People, such as engineers or architects, who design products or services and creat eknowledge for the organization.
- Knowledge workers
- People, such as secretaries or bookkeepers, who process the organization's paperwork.
- Data workers
- People who actually produce the products or services of the organization.
- Production or service workers
- People occupying the topmost hierarchy in an organization who are responsible for making long-range decisions.
- Senior managers
- People in the middle of the organizational hierarchy who are responsible for carrying out the plans and goals of senior management.
- Middle Managers
- People who monitor the day-to-day activities of the organization.
- Operational managers
- Physical equipment used for input, processing, and putput activities in an information system.
- Computer hardware
- Detailed, preprogrammed, instructions that control and coordinate the work of computer hardware components in an information system.
- Computer software
- Physical media and software governing the storage and organization of data for use in an information system.
- Storage technology
- Physical devices and software that link various computer harware components and transfer data from one physical location to another.
- Communications technology
- The linking of two or more computers to share data or resources, such as a printer.
- Network
- Computer harware, software, data, storage technology, and networks providing a portfolioof shared IT resources for the organization.
- Information Technology (IT) infrastructure
- Additional assets required to derive value from a primary investment.
- Complementary assets
- Investments in organization and management, such as new business processes, management behavior, organizational culture, or training.
- Organizational and Management Capital
- The study of information systems focusing on their use in business and management.
- Management information systems (MIS)
- International network of networks that is a collection of hundreds of thousands of private and public networks.
- Internet
- A system with universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information in a networked environment.
- World Wide Web
- All the World Wide Web pages maintained by an organization or an individual.
- Web site
- The capacity to offer individually tailored products or services using mass production resources.
- Mass customization
- Four worldwide changes that have altered the business environment.
- Globalization, Rise of the Information Economy, Transformation of the Business Enterprise, Emergence of the Digital Firm