Latin Case/Use
Terms
undefined, object
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- D Possession
- Expresses possession using: nominative, dative, and form of sum(Nom is to the dative.)
- AC Subject Accusative
- Used in indirect statements
- Appositive
- Using a noun to rename describe another noun (two nouns in the same case next to each other with no conjunction)
- AC Subject of an Infinitive
- Subject of object infinitives
- AB Time Within Which
- Range of time; uses cardinal numbers and time words
- AB Means/Instument
- The object used to accomplish a task; never a person (with, by, by means of)
- AB Place Where
- Expresses location (in, sub)
- AC Extent of Time
- Answers: 'how long?' uses cardinal number plus time word; in English always has 'for'
- D Special Verbs
- Takes intransitive verbs (no to/for)
- AB Description
- Used to describe; two words (noun and adjective)
- AB Accompaniment
- Shows togetherness; uses cum (always people, never objects)
- G Objective
- Used with nouns that have verbal ideas
- AB Degree of Difference
- Expresses how much is different; used with adverbs and comparatives)
- AB Manner
- Expresses the way in which something is done; (cum + noun, adj. + cum + noun, adj. + noun)
- AB Place from Which
- Expresses motion away from
- D Double Dative
- Dative of reference and dative of purpose
- AC Predicate
- Used with verbs of naming, making, and choosing; take predicate accusative (this is basically a appositive to the direct object)
- L Place Where
- Used for names of cities, towns, small islands, domus, numus, and rus; looks like genitive case for 1st/2nd declension singular, everywhere else it looks like the ablative
- AC Direct Object
- Receives the action of the verb
- N Predicate
- Used with linking verb; linking verb equates subject with predicate nominative
- V Direct Address
- Shows who is being spoken to (O, _____); almost always looks like nominative except for 2nd declension, masculine, singular
- AB Separation
- Expresses distance without motion
- G Partitive
- Express part of the whole
- D Indirect Object
- Verbs of giving, saying or showing; recieves the direct object
- D With Adjectives
- Adjectives in English that are followed by 'to' or 'for' are followed by a Dative in Latin
- AB Time When
- A point in time; uses ordinal numbers and time words
- G Description
- Used to describe; two words (noun and adjective)
- AB Comparison
- Used with comparatives (second word being compared is in ablative)
- D Reference
- Shows whose advantage or disadvantage is being affected indirectly by the verb
- N Subject
- Noun that does or receives the verb.
- AB Specification/Respect
- Answers: 'With respect to what?' (often used with supero)
- D With Compounds
- Transitive verbs that become compounds can take a dative; dative completes the meaning of the prefix)
- G Possession
- Expresses ownership
- AC Extent of Space
- Answers: 'how far?' (measurement: pes, passus, mille passus) uses ordinal numbers
- AC Place to Which
- Expresses motion towards something (ad, in, sub)
- D Purpose
- Using a noun to express purpose (usually not people)
- AB Agent
- Used with passive verbs to shows the person doing the action (a/ab, in)
- AB Ablative Absolute
- Two words in the ablative (most commonly and noun and participle) with no grammatical connection to the sentence (backdrop)