Micrbio Chap.25 Epidemology
Terms
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- A short‑term infection usually characterized by dramatic onset
- acute infection
- The use of biological agents to incapacitate or kill humans
- biological warfare
- A subclinically infected individual who may spread a disease
- carrier
- An agency of the U.S. Public Health Service that tracks disease trends, provides disease information to the public and to health‑care professionals, and forms public policy regarding disease prevention and intervention
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- A long‑term infection
- chronic infection
- An epidemic resulting from infection of a large number of people from a single contaminated source
- common‑source epidemic
- An infectious disease whose incidence has increased in the past 20 years or whose incidence threatens to increase in the near future
- emerging infection
- Disease constantly present, usually in low numbers
- endemic
- The occurrence of a disease in an unusually large number of individuals in a localized population
- epidemic
- The study of the occurrence, distribution, and control of diseases
- epidemiology
- An inanimate object that, when contaminated with a viable pathogen, can transfer the pathogen to a host
- fomite
- The resistance of a population to a pathogen as a result of the immunity of a large portion of the population
- herd immunity
- An epidemic resulting from person‑to‑person contact, characterized by a gradual rise and fall in number of cases
- host‑to‑host epidemic
- The number of cases of disease in a population
- incidence
- The incidence of illness in a population
- morbidity
- The incidence of death in a population
- mortality
- Hospital‑acquired infection
- nosocomial infection
- The occurrence of a large number of cases of a disease in a short period of time
- outbreak
- A worldwide epidemic
- pandemic
- The proportion or percentage
- prevalence
- The health of the population as a whole
- public health
- The practice of restricting the movement of individuals with highly contagious serious infections to prevent spread of the disease
- quarantine
- An infectious disease, thought to be under control, that produces a new epidemic
- reemerging infection
- A site in which viable infectious agents remain and from which infection of individuals may occur
- reservoir
- The observation, recognition, and reporting of diseases as they occur
- surveillance
- A living agent that transfers a pathogen (note alternative usage in Chapter 31)
- vector
- A nonliving source of pathogens that infect large numbers of individuals; common vehicles are food and water
- vehicle
- Infection by a disease that occurs primarily in animals but can be transmitted to humans
- zoonosis