derm 2

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name the layers of the epidermis: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basalis (californias like girls in string bikinis)
what is the function of the zona occludens?: prevents diffusion across intracellular spaces
what is another name for zona occludens: tight junctions
what is another name for zona adherens: intermediate junction
what is the function of the zona adherens: surrounds perimeter just below zona occludens
what is the zona adherens composed of?: actin filaments and E-cadherin
what is another name for macula adherens: desmosome
what is the purpose of the macula adherens: small, discrete type of attachment
what is the macula adherens composed of?: keratin and desmoplakin
what is the purpose of gap junctions: allows adjacent cells to communicate for electrical/metabolic functions
what is the purpose of integrin: maintains integrity of basement membrane
what is the purpose of hemidesmosome: connect cells to underlying ECM
flat, nonpalpable lesion of different color than surrounding skin, less than 1 cm: macule
flat, nonpalpable lesion of different color than surrounding skin greater than 1 cm: patch
small, palpable elevated skin lesion < 1cm: papule
palpable, elevated skin lesion >1cm: plaque
small fluid contianing blister: vesicle
large fluid containing blister: bulla
blister w/ pus: pustule
dried exudate from vesicle, bulla, pustule: crust
increaesd thickenss of stratum corneum: hyperkeratosis
increased thickness of stratum corneum with retention of nuclei of keratinocytes: parakeratosis
thickening of epidermis: acanthosis
epidermal intercellular edema with widening of intercellular spaces: spongiosis
separation of epidermal cells from one another, cells float within extracellular fluid: acantholysis
accentuation of skin markings by scratching: lichenification
inflammatory pruritic skin disorders characterized by allergy, infection, chemical injury: dermatitis
pruritic erruptions on flexor surfaces associated with other allergic diseases: atopic dermatitis
type of hypersensitivity for atopic dermatitis: type IV
type IV HSE reaction with exposure to poison ivy, lesion occurs at site of contact: allergic contact dermatitis
acanthosis with parakeratic scaling on kneees and elbow. increased statum spinosum, decreased stratum granulosum: psoriasis
associated with severe destructive rheumatoid arthirtis lesions on fingers: psoriasis
recurrent pruritic blistering disorder on extensor surfaces: dermatitis herpatiformis
what types of deposits are found in dermatitis herpatiformis: IgA
what is dermatitis herpatiformis associated with: celiac disease
pruritic, purple, polygonal papules with infiltrates of lymphocytes at dermoepidermal junction: lichen planus
macules, papules, and vesicles plus target lesions: erythema multiforme
common skin hypersensitivity associated with infections, drugs, cancers, autoimmmune diseaes: erythema multiforme
high fever, bulla formation, ulceration of skin, high mortality: stevens-johnson syndrome
sharply demarcated raised plaque/papule with pasted-on appearance: seborrheic keratosis
is seborrheic keratosis benign or malignant?: benign
rough, scaling, poorly demarcated plaques: actinic keratosis
what causes actinic keratosis?: sun exposure
is actinic keratosis pre-malignant?: yes
how is risk for cancer corelated with actinic keratosis?: correlated with degree of epithelial dysplasia
what type of cancer occurs with actinic keratosis?: squamous cell carcinoma
autoimmune disorder with linear band of immunofluorescence along basement membrane: bullous pemphigoid
what type of antibody is in bullous pemphigoid?: IgG
what is more severe, bullous pemphigoid or pemphigus vulgaris?: pemphigus vulgaris
intradermal bullae involving oral mucosa and skin: pemphigus vulgaris
what is difference in location of lesion between bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris: pemphigus vulgaris in oral mucosa + skin
cells floating in extracellular fluid and immunofluorescence encircling individual epidermal cells: pemphigus vulgaris
cadherin that is attacked in pemphigous vulgaris: demsoglein
define desmoglein: cadherin that forms linkages at desmosomes
what is the most common skin tumor: basal cell carcinoma
is metastasis common in squamous cell carcinoma?: no
what causes squamous cell carcinoma?: excessive sunlight exposure
where is squamous cell carcinoma found?: sun exposed areas on body
invasion of dermis by sheets and islands of neoplastic epidermal cells: squamous cell carcinoma
lower part of face cancer: squamous cell carcinoima
cancer of upper part of face; mostly head and neck: basal cell carcinoma
pearly papule with overlying telangiectatic vessels: basal cell carcinoma
clusters of darky staining cells with arrangement of nuclei at periphery of clusters: basal cell carcinoma
does basal cell carcinoma metastasize?: no
cancer of fair skinned people: melanoma
cancer with significant risk of metastasis: melanoma
what is the major cause of melanoma?: excessive sunlight
what factor correlates with metastasis in melanoma?: depth of tumor
what is the precursor lesion for melanoma?: dysplastic nevus
atypical irregularly pigmented lesion with disorderly proliferation of melanocytes and dermal fibrosis: dysplastic nevis
purple-red area on face or neck, ipsilateral glaucoma, hemangiomas in meninges: sturge-webber
abnormal proliferation of conncetive tissue following trauma in blacks: keloids
thickening of epidermis + hyperpigmentation that can be marker for visceral malignancy: acanthosis nigricans
acquired loss of melanocytes with no relatoinship to albinism: vitiligo
benign melanoma in kids often confused with malignant melanoma: spitz nevus
benign skin tumor in clusters/nests: nevocellular nevus (common mole)
umbilicated, dome-shaped papules in kids transmitted by direct contact: molluscum contagiosum
melanin synthetic defect of eyes, skin, hair: oculocutaneous albinism
genetic skin defect that predisposes to mainly squamous cell carcinoma: oculocutaneous albinism
cause of oculocutaneous albinism: failure of conversion of tyrosine to DOPA.
poorest progosis of melanoma. mostly vertical growth: nodular melonoma
melanoma of black people on hands and feet: acral-lengitinous melanoma
name 3 symptoms for sturge-webber: convulsions, mental retardation, retinal detachment
where do xanthomas most commonly occur?: eyelids
initial presentation = scaling, indurated, ulcerated nodule: squamous cell carcinoma
silvery scales: psoriasis
sharply demarcated erythematous papules and plaques in a chronic inflammatory process: psoriasis
non-pruritic rash on butt with nothing on KOH prep and doesn't respond to topic steroids. patches in triangular configuration.: pityriasis rosea
bald spot on head that is wood's light positive: microsporum canus
MCC tinea capitis that's wood's light negative: trycophytan tonsurans
all superficial dermatophyte infections that have red edge and clear center with hyphae and yeast in KOH prep (except tinea capitus): trycophytan rubrum
organism and disease responsible for pre-AIDS skin lesion w/ redness, yellow/waxy scale plus flaking: malessezia furfur - seborrheic dermatitis
most common area of psoriasis: scalp (people think it's dandruff)
melanoma in old people that's fawn colored with irregular borders that's least likely to metastasize: lentigo malignant melanoma
where is receptor for androgens in skin?: sebaceous glands
antibody to epidermal basement membrane protein: bullous pemphigoid
autoantibodies to intercellular junctions of epidermal cells: pemphigus vulgaris
separation of skin upon manual stroking (nikolsky's sign): pemphigus vulgaris
eosinophils within blisters: bullous pemphigoid
HLA associationg with psoriasis arthritis: HLAB27
HLA w/ psoriasis w/o arthritis: HLAB13
warts commonly found on hands: verruca vulgaris
abnormal cells with nests in epidermis but not below: carcinoma in situ
coffee colored macules: cafe au lait spots
muscles that give rise to goose bumps: arrector pili
common shallow singular ulcer in mouth in AIDS: aphthous ulcer
common complication of chronic lower leg edema: edema, erythema, mild scaling, brown discoloration, poorly defined edges: stasis dermatitis
large golden crusts versus tiny oral vesicles: impetigo vs HSV1

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