N325 Test 2 Cards
Terms
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- caseation necrosis
- necrotic tissue being turned into a granular mass
- hematogenous TB
- spread of TB throughout the body when a large number of organisms enter the blood as a result of pleural effusion
- primary infection
- first infection, middle or lower lobes
- secondary TB
- reactivation of TB
- unique symptoms of TB
- night sweats, fatigue, ineffective cough, altered immune system, low grade fever
- TB test results <5 mm, 5-10 mm, 10+ mm
-
<5 neg
5-10 pos. in HIV
10+ pos-exposure - common nursing diagnosis
-
impaired gas exchange
ineffective airway clearance
knowledge deficit
fatigue
imbalenced nutr: less
social isolation - INH Problems:
- liver, peripheral neuropathy
- Rifampin Problems:
- Liver, orange secretions, jaundice, fever
- PZA Problems:
- Hepatitus
- Streptomycin Problems:
-
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity - Ethambutol Problems:
- occular nerve damage
- What is the Bacille-Calmette-Guerin vaccine used for
- increase resistance to TB in poor countries
- Follow up sputum sample needs to be done:
- every 2-3 weeks until 3 negative readings consecutively
- What is the best diet for TB
- rich in iron, protein, Vit C
- Common features of RA
-
systemic, autoimmune, progressive
attacks synovium
women 35-45
genetic component
fast or slow development
most common in hands/feet - describe how RA occurs
-
RF factor develops, response to antigen triggers abnormal development of IGG
makes antibodies against IGG
causes deposits in synovium
neutrophils try to stop inflammation but release damaging chemicals - synovitis
- inflammation
- pannus formation
- vascular granulation tissue, destroys bone
- fibrous ankylosis
- adhesions/scar formation
- bony ankylosis
- total calcification of the joint, immobile
- symptom: Boutinniere
- hand/thumb button hole
- symptom: swan neck
- fingers look like neck of swan
- symptom: ulnar deformity
- flexed fingers turned outward
- symptom: rhematoid nodules
- on wrists, elbows, not painful
- RA symptom: Siorgren's syndrome
- no moisture in glands
- RA symptom: Felty's syndrome
- enlarged spleen, dec WBC
- Misc. RA symptoms:
- warm joints, tender and swollen, still in the morning, low grade fever
- Erythroctye sedimentation rate (ESR)
- inflammation in the body somewhere
- Nursing DX
-
risk for infection
dist. body image
self care deficit
impaired skin integrity
risk for falls
impaired mobility
chronic pain - RA drug classes used:
- ASA, NSAID, DMARD, Corticosteroids, BRM
- DMARD ex.
- Plaquenil
- Corticosteroid ex.
- Prednisone
- BRM ex (2)
- Enbril, Remicaid
- Nursing Intervention
- Rest, ROM exercises, Moist Heat, Assistive Aids, Prevent contractures
- Facts about OA
- progressive, degenerative, unilateral, not systemic, cartilage overgrowth, women 60+
- Pathophysiology of OA
- wear/tear, obesity, occupation, lack of exercise, trauma
- Joint changes w/ OA
- cartilage erodes, joint space narrows, bone on bone creates bone spurs
- Heberden's nodes (OA)
- distal interfilangial swelling
- Bouchard's nodes (OA)
- proximal interfilangial swelling
- ESR in OA
- normal or elevated in late stages only
- OA Drugs
- Tylenol, NSAID, Glucosamine, Capsaicin cream, Cortison injections, Surgery
- Nursing interventions OA
- pain control, exercise, rest, heat, cold, assistive aids, Trans Electical Nerve Stimulation