part2
Terms
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- normal breathing
- eupnea
- slow breathing
- bradypnea
- fast breathing
- tachypnea
- shallow breathing
- hypopnea
- deep breathing
- hyperpnea
- difficulty breathing
- dyspnea
- inability to breathe
- apnea
- ability to breathe only in a upright position
- orthopnea
- pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea
- Cheyne-Stoke respiration
- popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lungs when air enters diseased airways and alveoli occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis
- crackles/rales
- high-pitched, musical sounds heard on auscultation of teh lung as air flows through a narrowed airway occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema
- wheezes/rhonchi
- a high pitched crowing sound that is a sign of obstruction in the upper airway
- stridor
- degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese like appearance
- caseous necrosis
- hoarseness
- dysphonia
- nosebleed
- epistaxis
- coughing up and spitting out material from the lungs
- expectoration
- material expelled from the lungs by coughing
- sputum
- coughing up and spitting out blood originating from the lungs
- hemoptysis
- excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood
- hyercapnia/hypercarbia
- excessive movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypocapnia
- hyperventilation
- deficient movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypercapnia
- hypoventilation
- deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
- hypoxemia
- deficient amount of oxygen in cell tissues
- hypoxia
- condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs
- obstructive lung disorder
- condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs
- restrictive lung disorder
- fluid filling of the spaces around the alveoli, eventually flooding into the alveoli
- pulmonary edema
- density on an xray representing solid material within the air space of the lungs, usually indicating inflammatory changes
- pulmonary infiltrate
- thin, watery discharge from the nose
- rhinorrhea
- panting, obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane, characterized by paroxysmal attacks of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough
- asthma
- collapse of lung tissue
- atelectasis
- abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus
- bronchiectasis
- inflammation of the bronchi
- bronchitis
- lung cancer
- bronchogenic carcinoma
- constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of peribronchial smooth muscle
- bronchospasm
- obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air, with destructive changes in their walls resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange
- emphysema
- permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick, viscous mucus that obstructs passageways within the body, commonly affecting the lungs and digestive tract; mucus that obstructs the airways leads to infection, infla
- cystic fibrosis
- inflammation of the larynx
- laryngitis
- inflammation of the upper airways with swelling that creates a funnel-shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinct "seal bark" cough
- larnygotraeobronchitis (LTB) croup
- spasm of the laryngeal muscles causing constriction
- laryngospasm
- presence of numerous polyps in the nose
- nasal polyposis
- inflammation of the pharynx
- pharyngitis
- accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity
- pleural effusion
- accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity
- empyema pyothorax
- accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity
- hemothorax
- inflammation of the pleura
- pleuritis pleurisy
- chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts such as coal, asbestos, or silicone
- pneumoconiosis
- inflammation in the lung caused by infection from bacteria, virus, fungi, or parasites or resulting from aspiration of chemicals
- pneumonia
- pneumonia caused by the Pneumocystis carinii organism- a common oportunistic infection seen in those with positive human immunodeficiency virus
- pneumocystis pneumonia
- air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall
- pneumothorax
- air and blood in the pleural cavity
- pneumohemothorax
- inflammation of the lung often caused by a blood clot
- pulmonary embolism
- disease caused by the presence of Myocobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs characterized by the formation of tubercles, inflammation and necrotizing caseous lesions
- pulmonary tuberculosis
- inflammation of the sinuses
- sinusitis
- periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often causing snoring
- sleep apnea
- acute of chronic inflammations of the tonsils
- tonsillitis
- infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx and bronchi
- upper respiratory infection (UFI)