8.1 LAP: CLIENTS WITH ANXIETY

Start Studying!

Terms

undefined, object

copy deck

KT: Adaptation: The process of modifying to meet new, changing or different conditions.
KT: Biofeedback Pg. 206 Vacarolis: Stress management technique that brings under conscious control bodily processes normally thought to be beyond voluntary command.
KT: Coping Styles pg. 202 Vacarolis: A particular means of managing stress;
innate or aquired way of responding to a changing environment or situation
KT: Defense Mechanism Pg. 1018: Any reaction that serves to protect against something physically or psychologically harmful
KT: Distress: Physical or mental pain or suffering
KT: Eustress: Eustress can be defined as a pleasant or curative stress.
Coming in first in an athletic competition is an example of eustress
KT: Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Scale: Scale that identifies changes that can occur in one's life. Each change is correlated with a number that when added with other change numbers provide a total that indicates one's risk for developing a stress related illness. The higher the number the higher percentage chance of getting ill.
2. Differentiate between eustress and distress: Distress: negative, draining energy (anxiety, depression, confusion, helplessness, hopelessness, fatigue)
Eustress: Positive, motivating, energy (happiness, hopefulness, peacefulness, purposeful movement)
3. State the two major body systems which act as regulators in the stress response: Sympathetic: Initiates 'fight/flight' response to a perceived threat.
Parasympathetic: returns body to homeostasis after threat has passed.
Both of these are part of the Autonomic Nervous System, which is responsible for many bodily functions that occur automically
6. Define stressor: physical vs psychological (pg. 200 Vacarolis): Physical stressors: environmental conditions i.e., trauma and excessive old or heat; physical conditions such as infection, hemorrhage, hunger, pain
Psychological stressors: include divorce, loss of a job, unmanageable debt, death of a loved one, retirement, AND changes we might consider to be positive, such as marriage or unexpected success.
7. Discuss coping styles which influence the manifestation of stress: -
9. Identify the characteristics of the four levels of anxiety as found in the Varcarolis text: Anxiety is experienced on four levels: mild, moderate, severe and panic anxiety. It can be broken down into three categories: normal, acute and chronic â€“and it can be operationally defined
10. Discuss the difference between anxiety and fear: Source of fear is identifiable; may not be with anxiety.
Anxiety is future related; fear is related to present.
Anxiety is vague; fear is defiinite.
Anxiety is a result of psychologic conflict; fear is a result discreet physical/psychologic entitiy.
12. Discuss and list behavioral and cognitive nursing interventions to minimize anxiety in a client, include Herbert Bensonâ€™s relaxation technique, guided imagery, cognitive, reframing, journal keeping, assertive training, music, pets and exercise: separate sheet
13. Discuss ways in which the nurse can manage stress in his/her own life: separate sheet
4. What did Hans Selye formulate?: A theory of Stress called: the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
4. According to Selye, how many stages does stress occur in?: Three stages:
1. Alarm or Acute stress phase (fight/flight)
2. Stage of Resistance (body's adaptation to stress)
3. Stage of exhaustion (previous adaptation cannot be maintained... stress may spread to whole body)
4. What are some reactions a person can experience from first stage (Alarm/Acute) stress?: Loss of appetite, infertility, sadness, uneasiness, suppression of immune system
4. What are some reactions a person can experience from second stage (Chronic) stress?: Anxiety, depression, Lowered resistance to infection, hypertension, fatigue and irritability and many serious health risks.
5. Identify verbal manifestations of stress.: Crying (releases tension)
Verbal abuse (e.g. yelling when you lose keys)
Laughing (can lead to constuctive problem solving)
Screaming (response to fear or intense frustration and anger)
5. Identify motor manifestations of stress.: Kicking, hitting. Can be helpful in reducing tension but can be destructive as well.
Holding and touching are often responses to joyful or sad events.
8. What are the four coping styles relative to stress?: Rahe says the four are:
1. Health sustaining habits
2. Life satisfactions
3. Social Supports
4. Response to stress
8. Rahe's Health sustaining habits include:: Medical compliance, proper diet, nutrition and pacing one's energy
8. Rahe's Life Satisfactions include:: Work, family, humor, spiritual solace and arts and nature.
8. Rahe's Social Supports include:: Intimate supportive relationships
8. Rahe's Response to Stress includes:: Effective and healthy responses to stress.
9. How are perception, ability to learn and physical characteristics affected by "Mild" anxiety?: Slight arousal state that enhances perception, learning and productive abilities. Most healthy people experience this.
9. How are perception, ability to learn and physical characteristics affected by "moderate" anxiety?: Increases arousal state to a state of tension, nervousness or concern. (tremors, twitches, butterfly's stomach) Perceptual abilities are narrowed. Attention focused on particulars of a situation rather than peripheral activities.
9. How are perception, ability to learn and physical characteristics affected by "severe" anxiety?: Communication difficult to understand; requires intervention; perception further decreased; focuses only on aspect of situation that causes anxiety. tachycardia.
9. How are perception, ability to learn and physical characteristics affected by "panic" anxiety?: An overpowering level of anxiety; causes person to lose control. E.g., trembling, poor motor coordination, unable to learn, breath; sweating.
11. Defense Mechanism: ALTRUISM Category: a. mild b. extreme: Meeting the needs of others.
Mature
a. letting other person go first in checkout
b. shielding another soldier from a bomb
11. Defense Mechanism: SUBLIMATION Category: a. mild b. extreme: Unconscious process of substituting constructive/acceptable activity for strong, unacceptable impulses
Mature
a. butcher instead of hannibal lecter
b. agressive person fights heroically in war
11. Defense Mechanism: HUMOR Category: a. mild b. extreme: self explanatory
Mature
a. deal with anxiety by joking about it.
b. laugh like carrie
11. Defense Mechanism: SUPPRESSION Category: a. mild b. extreme: Conscious denial of disturbing situation or feeling.
Mature
a. need to pee during a test
b. engage your kidnapper
11. Defense Mechanism: REPRESSION Category: a. mild b. extreme: Exclusion of unpleasant/unwanted experiences, emotions, ideas from conscious awareness.
Neurotic
a. Forgetting your ex-husband's name
b. Forgetting your current wife's name
11. Defense Mechanism: DISPLACEMENT Category: a. mild b. extreme: Transfer of emotions associated with a particular person, object, situation to another one that is non-threatening
Neurotic
a. man yells at wife, wife yells at kid
b. man yells at kid, kid tortues cat
11. Defense Mechanism: REACTION FORMATION Category: a. mild b. extreme: Unacceptable feelings are kept out of awareness by developing opposite awareness or emotion
Neurotic
a. Ned Flanders
b. hostile to children becomes a kidneygarden teacher
11. Defense Mechanism: SOMATIZATION Category: a. mild b. extreme: Transfering anxiety on unconscious level to physical symptom that has no organic basis.
Neurotic
a. Boy who cries wolf
b. hypochondriac
11. Defense Mechanism: RATIONALIZATION Category: a. mild b. extreme: Justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy teller and listener.
Neurotic
a. Everybody cheats so why shouldn't I
b. Witness a crime: "it's not my business".
11. Defense Mechanism: UNDOING Category: a. mild b. extreme: Makes up for an act or communication
Neurotic
a. Gift to undo an argument
b. Compulsive handwashing to erase a crime (Lady MacBeth)
11. Defense Mechanism: REGRESSION Category: a. mild b. extreme: Resorting to an earlier more comfortable level of function that is characteristically less demanding/responsible
Neurotic
a. Temper tantrum from an adult
b. Capable client allows nurse to bath and feed
11. Defense Mechanism: PASSIVE AGGRESSION Category: a. mild b. extreme: Dealing with stress or conflict indirectly by unassertively expressing agression toward others. (procrastination, failure, inefficiency)
Immature
a. Forgetting Valentine's day because your mad at partner
b. Going golfing on wedding day
11. Defense Mechanism: ACTING OUT Category: a. mild b. extreme: Destructive coping style; deals with conflict by impulsive actions rather than rational decision making.
Immature
a. Lashing out in anger when feeling powerless
b. Shooting others from a tower
11. Defense Mechanism: DISASSOCIATION Category: a. mild b. extreme: Disruption in ussually integrated function of consciousness, memory, identity, perception of environment
Immature
a. Witness a violent act and forgetting it.
b. PTSD or Multiple personality
11. Defense Mechanism: DEVALUATION Category: a. mild b. extreme: When emotional conflicts/stressors are dealt with by attributing negative qualities to self or other
Immature
a. Sour grapes
b. Holocaust
11. Defense Mechanism: IDEALIZATION Category: a. mild b. extreme: Conflicts/stressors are dealt with by attributing exagerated positive qualities to others. (important to devpmt of self)
Immature
a. Idealizing parents
b. Idealizing Hitler
11. Defense Mechanism: SPLITTING Category: a. mild b. extreme: Inability to integrate positive and negative qualities of one's self into a cohesive image.
Immature
a. going to extremes in one's view of another
b. Dr. Jekyl / Mr. Hyde
11. Defense Mechanism: PROJECTION Category: a. mild b. extreme: A person unconsciously rejects unacceptable features and projects them to others or other situations.
Immature
a. scapegoating a child
b. Hitler was Jew
11. Defense Mechanism: DENIAL Category: a. mild b. extreme: Escaping unpleasant realities by ignoring their existence
Psychotic
a. Alcoholic prior to admitting the illness
11. Defense Mechanism: DISTORTION Category: a. mild b. extreme: Psychotic

Start Studying!

Deck Info

Number of cards 50