pediatrics.infectious-disease

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Treatment of varicella with acyclovir is generally not indicated in which age group?: Toddlers
Health toddlers do not require treatment. Immuncompromised children, newborns and teenagers generally require acyclovir.
What are the possible complications of varicella?: Pneumonia
Superinfection of the skin
Meningoencephalitis and systemic disease in immunocompromised children.
What is the treatment of Kawasaki syndrome?: High dose Aspirin
1-2 days of IVIG
Neonate presents with hydrocephalus, seizures, intracranial calcifications and ring enhancing lesion on head CT. What is the diagnosis?: Toxoplasmosis
What are the most common causes of bacterial meningitis in children over 1 month?: S. pneumoniae
N. menigitidis
H. influenzae
What are the most common organisms implicated in bacterial meningitis in newborn infants?: E. coli
Group B Streptococcus
Listeria
What drugs are effective in toxoplasmosis?: Pyrimethamine
Sulfadiazine
Spiramycin
An infant presents with a blueberry muffin rash, cataracts, hearing loss, cardiac defects and encephalitis. What is the diagnosis?: Rubella
What is the most common sequela of meningits in children?: Sensorineural hearing loss
Neonate presents with petechial rash, periventricular calcifications, microcephaly and chorioretinitis. What is the diagnosis?: CMV infection
What is the primary cause of aseptic meningitis in children?: Enterovirus
15 month old boy presents with a 4 day history of rhinorrhea, low grade fever and progressively worsening cough. Exam: inspiratory stridor, "barking cough"; what is the likely diagnosis?: Croup
What is the treatment for CMV infection?: Ganciclovir
A mother has active herpes lesions at delivery. What should be the route of delivery?: C-section
What is the immediate management for a child with a clinical diagnosis of croup and who does not have immediate respiratory compromise?: Cool mist aerosol
Lateral plain film of the neck
CBC
An infant presents with a maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, "snuffle" and osteitis. What is the diagnosis?: Syphilis
What is the next step in management of a child with croup who has worsened despite cool mist aerosol?: Racemic epinephrine
Corticosteroids are often used as well.
What is the "traditional" cause of epiglottitis?: H. influenze type B
Routine vaccination against type B has decreased incidence.
What is the treatment of syphilis seropositive mothers?: Penicillin
The most likely pathogens associated with croup are?: Parainfluenza virus
Influenza virus
RSV
Adenovirus
What is the immediate management of a child with suspicion of epiglottitis and imminent upper airway obstruction?: Endoscopic evaluation of airway in operating room.
A one year old child presents with URI symptoms and apneic spells in winter. What diagnosis do the apneic spells suggest?: RSV broncholitis
When is tympanostomy reccomended for otitis media?: 1. For chronic otitis media with effusion persisting for more than 3 months.
2. Reccurent AOM (6 episodes/6 months) which is not prevented by prophylactic antibiotics.
What is the treatment for acute otitis media for patients who have had initial treatment failure and have received antibiotics in the last 1 month?: IM ceftriaxone
Urgent tympanocentesis
What is the empiric antibiotic choice for neonatal sepsis?: Ampicillin and Gentamicin
OR
Ampicillin and third generation cephalosporin(not ceftriaxone)
What is the thumbprint sign suggestive of?: Epiglottitis
What is the steeple sign suggestive of?: Croup
What is the commonest organism implicated in croup?: Parainfluenza virus
What is the typical age group of croup?: 3 months to 3 years
What is the typical age group for epiglottitis?: 3-7 years

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Deck Info

Number of cards 30