Scott Gardner TCC Nursing Q2W05 Pharmaclogy
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- Nicotinic receptors affect why type of muscle?
- Skeletal
- Abruptly stopping a beta blocker can cause rebound____________
- Hypertension
- Drugs that block the effects of the andrenergenic neurotransmitter are called andrenergenic ________.
- Blockers
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Describe Alpha1 receptors.
What do they affect, and how. -
Blood Vessels - Constrict
Eyes - Dialate
Bladder - Contracts
Prostate - Contracts - Describe the Alpha2 receptors, what systems they affect, and how.
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Blood Vessels - Decreased BP
Smooth GI Muscle - Decreased tone/Motility - Describe the Beta1 Receptors, what systems they affect, and how.
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Heart - Increased Contraction/Rate
Kidney - Increased renin secretion ->Increased angiotension -> Increased BP - Describe the Beta2 receptors, what systems they affect, and how.
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Smooth GI Muscle - Decreased GI tone/motility
Lungs - Bronchodialation
Uterus - Relaxed smooth uterine muscle
Liver - Activates Glycogenolysis -> Increased blood sugar. - What are drugs that affect the sympathetic nervous system called?
- Adrenergics or Adrenergic Blockers.
- What are drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervious system called?
- Cholinergics
- Which receptors stimulate smooth muscle and slow the heart rate?
- Muscarinic Receptors
- What receptors affect the skeletal muscles?
- Nicotinic Receptors
- How do Direct-Acting Cholinergic Drugs work?
- They act on the receptors to activate a tissue response.
- How do the Indirect-acting cholinergic drugs work?
- They inhibit the action of the enzyme cholinesterase. (ChE)
- What are the major responses of cholinergenic drugs?
-
Stimulate Bladder and GI Tone.
Constrict Pupils (Miosis)
Decreased Heart Rate and BP
Increased salivary, GI and Bronchial glandular secreations. - Name some conditions that would countraindicate Muscarinic agonists.
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GI or Urinary obstruction.
Active Asthma. - What are the four stages of Anesthesia?
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Analgesia
Excitement or delirium
Surgical
Medullary Paralysis - What are the two types of local anesthetics?
- Esters and Amides
- Name some local anesthetics.
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Cocaine hydrocholride (Late 1800)
Procain Hydrochloride (Novocain) A synthetic cocaine
Lidocaine Hydrocholoride (Xylocain) - List the Seven Types of Pain.
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Acute
Cancer
Chronic
Somatic
Superficial
Vascular
Visceral - Describe Acute Pain, and what drugs best treat it.
-
Occurs suddenly and responds to treatment. Usually last the duration of Tissue Injury.
Mild - Non Narcotic
Moderate - Combo +/- Narcotic
Severe - Narcotic - Describe Cancer Pain, and what drugs best treat it.
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Pressure on nerves and organs, blockage to blood supply and bone metastasis.
Narcotic by PO, Transdermal,IM, IV or PCA. - Describe Chronic Pain, and what drugs best treat it.
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Usually lasts longer than 6 months, and is difficult to treat or control.
Non Narcotics suggested, but if narcotics necessary, then PO, have long 1/2 life, not cause respiratory distress. - Describe Somatic Pain Pain, and what drugs best treat it.
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From Skeletal muscles, ligaments, and joints.
Non Narcotics. NSAIDs will also help treat inflammation. - Describe Superficial Pain, and what drugs best treat it.
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From surface areas such as skin and mucous membrane.
Mild - Non
Moderate - Combo - Describe Vascular Pain, and what drugs best treat it.
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Perivascular tissues contributing to headaches and/or migraines.
Narcotic and other specialty drugs. - Describe Visceral Pain, and what drugs best treat it.
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Smooth muscles and organs.
Narcotic drugs. - Name three narcotic analgesics that can be very toxic in adults?
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Demerol (meperidine)
Talwin (pentazocine)
Darvon (poxyphene) - Where does Morphine come from?
- The Opium plant.
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What is the Generic Name for Demerol?
Schedule? -
-Meperidine.
-Scheduel II
-Most commonly used narcotic for post-op pain.
-NOT Antitussive - Define Chrysotherapy
- X
- DefineDisease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD’s)
- X
- Define Gout
- X
- Define Immunosuppressives
- X
- Define Infection
- X
- Define Inflammation
- X
- Define Nonsteroidal intiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
- X
- Define Prostaglandins
- X
- Define Uricosurics
- X
- Define Acetylcholine
- X
- Define Adrenaline
- X
- Define Adrenergic
- X
- Define Autonomic Nervous System ANS
- X
- Define Central Nervous System CNS
- X
- Define Cholinergic
- X
- Define Neurotransmitter
- X
- Define Norepinephrine
- X
- Define Parasympathetic Nervous System
- X
- Define Parasympatholytics
- X
- Define Parasympathomimetics
- X
- Define Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- X
- Define Sympathetic Nervous System
- X
- Define Sympathomimetics
- X
- Define Anasthetics
- X
- Define Balanced Anesthesia
- X
- Define Abstinence syndrome
- X
- Define Analgesics
- X
- Define Methadone Treatment Program
- X
- Define Mixed Narcotic agonist-antigonist
- X
- Define Narcotic
- X
- Define Narcotic Agonist
- X
- Define Narcotic Antagonist
- X
- Define Nociceptors
- X
- Define Nonnarcotic
- X
- Define Somatic
- X
- Define Visceral
- X