3rd R.O.K concepts
Terms
undefined, object
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- liberator
- antislavery newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison
- border states
- The states that were in the South, but did not join the Confederacy
- eminent domain
- the right of the state to take private property for public use
- artillery
- an army unit that uses guns, cannons, ect.
- necessary and proper clause
- constitutional authorization for Congress to make any law required to carry out its powers
- cavalry
- troops trained to fight on horseback
- inauguration
- the act of starting a new operation or practice
- Conestoga wagon
- sturdy vehicle with white canvasses used by the pioneers to move west
- total war
- The channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort.
- popular sovereignty
- The concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government
- supremacy clause
- constitutional declaration (Article VI) that the Constitution and laws made under its provisions are the greatest law of the land
- sovereignty
- the supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries
- interstate commerce
- Trade between two or more states.
- Bill of Rights
- a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution)
- Enlightenment
- a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions
- black codes
- Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves
- annex
- to add to something ex. the annexation of texas
- bicameral legislature
- A law making body made of two houses (bi means 2). Example: Congress (our legislature) is made of two house - The House of Representatives and The Senate.
- Capital Compromise
- compromise of the location of where the will be capital
- protective tariff
- A tax on an imported product instituted to protect local industries
- blockade
- The shutting up of a town, a frontier, or a line of coast by hostile forces.
- Sixth Amendment
- speedy and public trial where witnesses are able to be called and questioned
- impeach
- t. verb; to make an accusation against; to charge a public official with improper conduct in office before a proper tribunal; to challenge the validity of; try to discredit
- cabinet
- persons appointed by a head of state to head executive departments of government and act as official advisers
- judiciary review
- This is a precedent that says that the Supreme court can decide whether or not laws are constitutional or unconstitutional
- martyr
- one who voluntarily suffers death as the penalty for refusing to renounce their religion
- secede
- separate from the union
- cotton diplomacy
- The Confederacy talked of embargoing cotton exports in order to bring the British to their side. This was a failure.
- proportional representation
- An election system in which each party running receives the proportion of legislative seats corresponding to its proportion of the vote.
- Judiciary Act
- 1789 law that set up the design of the United States Court System
- separation of powers
- the division of a central government into 2 or more branches, each having its own responsibilities and authorities
- spoils system
- the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power
- executive branch
- the branch of the United States government that is responsible for carrying out the laws
- strict construction
- belief that the goavernment should not do anything that the constitution does not specifically say it can do
- habeas corpus
- the right of an accused person to be brought before a judge and informed of the charges and evidence against him or her
- federalism
- a system in which power is divided between the national and state governments
- Clermont
- Fulton's steamboat in 1807 which powered on a newly designed engine. It took 32 hours to go 150 miles from New York to Albany.
- empresarios
- agents who brought settlers to Texas hired by the Mexican government
- Fourth Amendment
- Protects Americans against unreasonable searches and seizures. No soldier, Gov agent, or police can search your home without a search warrant.
- precedent
- an example that is used to justify similar occurrences at a later time
- establishment clause
- Clause in the First Amendment that says the government may not establish an official religion.
- conscription
- The forcing of people to join the army
- hardtack
- very hard unsalted biscuit or bread
- persecuted
- treated badly and unfairly, usually because of religion, politics , or race
- enlistment
- signing up for the military
- republic
- a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
- suffrage
- The right to vote, often used in connection with extending the franchise to women
- abolition
- movement to outlaw slavery
- treason
- violation of allegiance toward one's country or sovereign, especially the betrayal of one's country by waging war against it or by consciously and purposely acting to aid its enemies
- Jim Crow Laws
- Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites
- cotton belt
- A region stretching from South Carolina to east Texas where most of U.S. cotton was grown during the mid-1800's
- Third Amendment
- no troops can enter or stay at a citizens house unless during war
- charter
- legal document giving certain rights to a person or company
- dysentery
- an infection of the intestines marked by severe diarrhea
- pardon
- the formal act of liberating someone
- Freedman's Bureau
- provided food, medical care, administer justice, manage abandoned and confiscated property, regulate labor, and establish schools.
- national debt
- the debt of the national government (as distinguished from the debts of individuals and businesses and political subdivisions)
- Nineteenth Amendment
- amendment to the constitution giving women the right to vote
- Eighth Amendment
- court cannot make a bail so big that the defendant can't pay it
- Fifth Amendment
- right to a: grand jury; grand crime; can't witness against yourself; process of law; eminet domain
- assimilation
- the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another
- bond
- a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money
- confederation
- the act of forming an alliance or confederation
- enumerated powers
- The powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution.
- cotton gin
- a machine that separates the seeds from cotton
- states' rights
- Theory that said that states had right to judge when the federal government had passed an unconstitutional law
- checks and balances
- A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
- petition
- a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority
- legislative branch
- the branch of the United States government that has the power of legislating
- due process
- guarantee of a fair and proper trial
- preamble
- a preliminary introduction to a statute or constitution (usually explaining its purpose)
- veto
- the power or right to prohibit or reject a proposed or intended act (especially the power of a chief executive to reject a bill passed by the legislature)
- natural rights
- rights that belong to people "by nature" that is, simply because they are human beings 35
- nullification
- the states'-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress
- Tredegar Iron Works
- a historic iron foundry in Richmond, Virginia, United States of America.
- tariff
- tax, duty or fee that must be paid on exported goods, making them more expensive
- census
- An official numbering of the people of a country or district.
- judicial branch
- the branch of the United States government responsible for the administration of justice
- search warrant
- a court order authorizing a search
- equal representations
- a method of voting by which political parties are given legislative representation in proportion to their popular vote
- jury trial
- made of two types (grand/accusing jury and petty/trial jury) --peers compose the jury and determine the fate of the accused
- boycott
- a group's refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policies
- popular vote
- the general public's vote that is cast during the general election
- manifest destiny
- the United States should stretch from "sea to shining sea"
- telegraph
- was invented by Samuel Morse to comunicate faster using the Morse code
- infantry
- an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot
- Seventh Amendment
- the right to a civil trial, right to trial by jury
- sectionalism
- loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole
- guerilla warfare
- military strategy in which an army does not engage the enemy head on
- compromise
- to settle a disagreement by having each side give up something; to expose to the possibility of criticisim or shame
- ratification
- the process through which a proposal is formally approved and adopted by vote
- double jeopardy
- Once a person has been tried for a crime, he or she cannot be tried again for the same crime
- Second Amendment
- the right to bear arms
- loose construction
- belief that the government can do anything that the constitution does not prohibit
- First Amendment
- freedom of speech