Human biology-Ch. 15 Repreductive system
Terms
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- Testes
- The male gonads, or primary sex organs
- Scrotum
- Testes are suspended in the sacs of the scrotum.
- Epiddidymis
- Tightly coiled duct lying just outside each testis. *maturation occurs here
- Vas Deferens
- When sperm leave an epididymis they enter vas deferens where they may also be stored for a time. Each curves around the bladder and empties into an ejaculatory duct.
- Uretha
- Tubular structure that receives urine from th eladder and carries it to the outside of the body.
- Semen
- At the time of ejaculation, sperm leave the penis in a fluid called semen.
- Acrosome
- Cap at the anterior end of a sperm that partially covers the nucleus and contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg.
- Assisited Reproductive technologies (ART)
- Medical tecniques, sometimes performed in vitro, that are done to increase the chances of prgnancy.
- Birth control pill
- Oral contraceptive containing estrogen and progesterone.
- Bulbourethral gland
- Either of two small stuctures located below the prostate gland in males each adds secretions to semen.
- Cervix
- Narrow end of the uterus, which projects into the vagina.
- Condomn
- Sheath used to cover the penis during sexual intercourse used as a contraceptive and, if latex, to minimize the risl of transmitting infection.
- Contraceptive
- Medication or device used to reduce the chance of pregnancy.
- Corpus Luteum
- Yellow body that forms in the ovary from a follicle that has discharged its secondary oocyte: it secretes progesterone and some estrogen.
- Diaphragm
- Dome shaped horizontal sheet of muscle and connective tissue that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. also, a birth control device consisting of a soft rubber or latex cup that fits over the cervix.
- Egg
- Female gamete having the haploid number of chromosomes that is fertilized by a sperm, the male gamete.
- Endometriosis
- presence of uterine tissue outside the uterus, which can contribute to infertility; possibly the result of irregular menstrual flow.
- Endometruim
- Mucous membrane lining the interior surface of the uterrus.
- Erectile dysfunction
- Failure of the penis to achieve erection.
- Estrogen
- Female sex hormone that helps maintain sex organs and secondary sec characteristics.
- Fimbria
- Fingerlike extension from the oviduct near the ovary
- Follicle
- Structure in the ovary that produces a secondary oocyte and the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (Fsh)-
- Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates development of an ovarian follcicle in a female o the production of sperm in a male.
- Gamete
- haploid sex cell the egg or a sperm which join in fertilization to form a zygote
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-(Gnrh)
- Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secret follicle stimulationg hormone and luteinzing hormone.
- Human chronic gonadotropin
- Hormone produced by the chorion that functions ot maintain the uterine lining.
- Implantation-
- Attachment and penetration of the embyro into the linging og the uterus
- Infertility
- Inability to have as many children as possible.
- Interstitial cell
- Hormone secreting cell located between the seminiferous tublules of the testes.
- Interstitial cell stimulating hormone (Icsh )
- Name sometimes given to luteinizing hormone in males controls th e production of testosterone by interstitial cells.
- Intrauterine devine
- Birth control device consisting of a small piece of molded plasic inserted into the uterus,and believed that fertilization does not occur.
- Luteinizing hormone
- Hormone that controls the production of testosterone by interstitial cells in males an promotes the development of the corpus luteum in females.
- Menopause
- Termination of the ovarian and uterine cycles in older women.
- Menstruation
- Loss of blood and tissue from the uterus at the end of a uterine cycle
- oogenesis
- Production of an egg in females by the process of meiosis and maturation.
- Oviduct
- Tube that transports eggs to the uterus;also called uterine tube.
- Ovary
- Female gonad that produces eggs and the female sex hormones
- Ovarian Cycle
- Monthly follicle changes occuring in the ovary that conntrol the level of sex hormones in the blood and the uterine cycle.
- Ovulation
- Release of secondary oocyte form the ovary if fertilization occurs, the sexoncdary oocyte becomes an egg.
- Pap test
- Analysis done on cervical cells for detection of cancer.
- placenta
- Structure that forms form the chorion and th uterine wall and allows the embryo, and then the getus, to axquire nutrients and rid itself of wastes.
- Penis
- External organ in males through which the urethra passes also serves as the organ of sexual intercourse.
- Progesterone
- Female sex hormone that helps maintain sex organs and secondary sex characteristics.
- Prostate gland
- gland located around the male yrethra below the urinary bladder adds secretions to semen