I & I parasites, mycology & zoonotic infections
Terms
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- Types of parasites & their descriptions
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Protozoa- single celled, cyto & organelles, mem-bound nucleus, motility
Helminths- multi-celled, differented tissue, organ systems - Describe Amoebae/Rhizopods and common manifestation
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Protozoa
GI- Entamoeba Histolytica
Blood/Tissue- naegleria fowleri (meningoencephalitis) - Describe Flagellates
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Protozoa
GI- Trichomonas Vaginalis
Blood/Tissue- Trypanosoma Brucei (african sleeping sickness) - Describe Sporozoa
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Protozoa
GI- cryptosporidium
Blood/Tissue- Toxoplasma gondii (pneumonitis in immunosuppressed) - 3 Types of Protozoa
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Amoeba
Flagellates
Sporozoa - 3 Types of Helminths
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Nematodes- round worms
Cestodes- tapeworms
Trematodes- flukes - 5 Helminths in human Disease
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Trichuris Truchiura- Nematode- mebendazole
Taenia Saginata & Solium- Cestode- Praziquantes
Enterobius Vermicularis-nematode- Mebendazole
Ascarius Lumbricoides-Nematode- Pryantel
Strongyloides- nematode- Thiabendazole - Life Cycle/transmission of Trichuris Truchiura
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"whip worm"
egg in soil/ingest/worm in cecum/poop out eggs - Symptoms of Trichuris Truchiura
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often asymptomatic
rectal prolapse
Dx by eggs in stool - Treatment of Trichuris Truchirua
- Mebendazole
- Life Cycle/Transmission Taenia Saginata, Solium
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Saginata in beef
Solium in pork
ingest larvae (in cyst)in undercooked meat
adult attaches & lives in small intestine
infected human poops out eggs that cause Cysticercosis (fecal/oral transmission) - Characteristics of Cestodes
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Tape worm
Segmented
Scolex (head)
Proglottid (reproductive organs- both male & female)
definitive host harbors adult worm
intermediate host does not - Symptoms of Taenia Saginata/Solium
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abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, weight loss
can obstruct appendix, pancreatic duct, biliary duct
dx: eggs or proglottids in stool - Treatment of Taenia Sag/Sol
- Praziquantel (or niclosamide)
- Symptoms of Cysticercosis
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(human as intermediate host)
granulomatous reaction in brain, muscle, etc
Dx: biopsy, CT - Lifecycle/Transmission of Enterobius Vermicularis
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"pinworm"
equal prevalance in developed & developing nations
human to human only
eggs hatch into sheets - characteristics of nematodes
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roundworm, not segmented, outer proteinaceous cuticle
treat w/mebendazole - Symptoms of Enterobius Vermicularis
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Perianal Puritus
anerexia, pain
Dx: eggs on cellophane tape - Treatment of Enterobius Vermicularis
- Mebendazole
- Lifecycle/Transmission Ascarius Lumbricoides
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"roundworm"
egg in dirt, ingest, gut, burrow to blood, lung, cough & swallow, eggs passed in feces - Symptoms of Ascarius Lumbricoides
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often asymptomatic
maybe pneumonia w/eosinophilia
abdominal pain/obstruction
Dx: eggs in stool - Treatment of Ascarius Lumbricoides
- Pyrantel pamoate or mebendazole
- Lifecycle/transmission of Strongyloides
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"threadworm"
direct penetration of skin (falariform larvae), travel blood to lung, cough & swallow, Rabdiform larvae in poop
AUTOINFECTION - which organism can autoinfect
- Strongyloides
- Rabdiform larvae is ...
- Strongyloides larvae transmitted in feces
- Cuneiform larvae is ...
- Strongyloides larvae that penetrates skin
- Symptoms of Strongyloides
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ASYMPTOMATIC unless immunosuppressed-
test before immunosuppression - Treatment of strongyloides
- Thiobendazole
- 2 amoebae and their characteristics
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Entamoeba histolytica- bloody diarrhea (tx w/metronidazole)
Nagleria Fowleri- in warm springs, meningitis - 4 flagelletes
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trichomonas vaginitis
trypanosoma Cruzi
trypanosoma brucei
giardia lamblia - Treatment for flagelletes
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metronadazole except brucei
(brucei gets Suramin or Melarsoprol if CNS) - Characteristics of Trypanosoma Cruzi
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Chagas Disease
"kissing bug" or "assasin bug"
enter mucous membrane, invasion into lymph-MP, endocrine, myocardium & neural tissue (from scratching bite) - Characteristics of Trypanosoma Brucei
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African Sleeping Sickness
tse tse fly
CNS involvement & death (untreated)
chancre, parasitiemia - 3 sporozoa
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Malaria
Cryptosporidium
Cyclosporidia - Lifecycle for malaria
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Sporozite from mosquito
schizonte in liver
in blood "ring" trophozoite (then becomes schizonte or gametocyte-mosquito ingests) - Treatment for malaria
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chloroquine (most falciprum is resistant)
quinine, quinidine, mefloquine, pyrimethamine, artemisinin - Cryptosporidium characteristics
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oral-fecal-water (pools- chlorine doesn't kill)
traveler's diarrhea
Lethal in AIDS - treatment for cryptosporidium
- none currently available
- Cyclosporidia characteristics
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oral-fecal-water
on raspberries, irrigation
tx w/bactrim - 4 Superficial Mycoses
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Pityriasis Versicolor from mallassezia furfur (body)
Tinea Nigra from Exophilia Wernickii (palms)
Black Piedra from Piedraia Hortae (hair)
White Piedra from trichosporon Beigeii (hair) - tinea cruris
- mycoses in groin, prerianal, perineal
- tinea unguium or onychomycosis
- nails
- sporotrichosis
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sporothrix schenckii
subcutaneous mycoses
ubiquitous-plants,soil, organic matter- roses
(rancher treated for sarcoid) - Eumycotic mycetoma
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feet or hands
suppurative granuloma w/mycotic grains
ugly but painless - systemic mycoses
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all are dimorphic except cryptosporidium
Histo- Ohio
Blasto- chicago's dz
coccidio- San Joaquin
Cryptococcus- pidgeon poop - Histoplasmosis
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mycoses in Ohio river valley
bat, chicken
granulomatous inflammation
intracellular yeast - Blastomycosis
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"chicago's dz"
broad based budding
chronic cutaneous & osseous dz - Coccidiomycosis
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San Joaquin Valley
dissemination more likely in men, dark skin, pregnant females, immunosupression
cultures are very contageous
spherules in vivo - Cryptococcus
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encapsulated, monomorphic
pigeon droppings
association w/leukemia, lymphoma & immunosuppressive tx - opportunistic mycoses
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candidiasis- nosocomial blood infections
aspergillosis
zygomycosis
pneumocystis Carnii- cholesterol instead of ergosterol- AIDS