immunology chapter 1
Terms
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- adoptive immunity
- immunity conferred on a naive or irradiated recipient by transfer of lymphoid cells from an actively immunized donor
- antibody
- protein that binds specifically to a particular substance or antigen, they are produced by plasma cellsin responce to infection or immuniation, bind to and neutralize pathogens or prepare them for uptake and destruction by phagocytes
- antigen
- any molecule that can bind specifically to an antibody, generate antibodies
- immunogens
- can induce antibody production
- antigen presenting cells
-
highly specialized cells that can process antigens and display their peptide fragments on the cell surface together with molecules required for T cell activation,
dendritic cells, macrophages, Bcells - immune
- free from burden
- immune system
- organization of tissues, cells, molecules wcich specialize in defending the host against infections
- three major functions of the immune system
-
defend the host against pathogens
surveillance the body
maintain homeostasis - two divisions of the immune system
-
innate(natural)immunity
acquired(specific adaptive)immunity - edward jenner
- vaccination
- robert koch
- postulates
- louis pasture
- attenuated vaccine
- elie metchnikoff
- phagocytosis
- paul ehrlich
- side chain theory of Ab production
- Jerne and Burnet
- clonal selection theory
- kohler and milstein
- monoclonal Ab
- hematopoiesis
- formation and development of the blood cells in the bone marrow
- ERYTHROID AND MEGAKARYOCYTE PRECURSORS
- eruthrocytes, platlets
- MYELOID PRECURSORS
- Granulocytes-> neotrophil,basophil, eosinophil
- lymphoid precursor
- lymphocytes->B and T cells and NK cells
- neotrophils
-
60-70% of circulating WBC
main phagocyts in the bogy
can enter the tissue - basophils
-
0.5-1% of circulating WBC
function in inflammation and allergies
similar to Mast cell of the tissue - eosinophils
-
2-4% of circulating WBC
function in allergies and helminth infections
may be phagocytic - monocytes
-
3-8% of circulating WBC
once enter the tissue become macrophages
phagoytes
precess Ag
secret cytokines
involved in both Innate and Adaptive immunity - cytokine
- small biologiclly active molecule secreted by cells to effect the behavior of another cell
- naive lymphocyte
- not yet seen foreign Ag
- mature lymphocyte
- expresses a fuctional specific Ag receptor
- APC
-
highly specialized cells that can process antigens and display their peptide fragments on the cell surface together with molecules required for Tcell activation
Dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells - macropinocytosis
- take up extracellular material, receptor independent mechanism
- clonel selection theory
-
1.each lymphocyte has a single type of receptor with unique specificity
2.interaction between Ag and lymphocytes leads to activation-prolifiration and differentiation
3.progeny have all the same receptor specificity as the parent cell
4.self reacted lymphocytes are deleted